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ENT > ENT Infections > Flashcards

ENT Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the differentials for a sore throat?

A 
Pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
Glandular fever
HIV
Gonococcal pharyngitis
Diphtheria
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2
Q

What is the general management for a mild sore throat?

A

Regular analgesia
Adequate fluids, avoid hot drinks
Medicated lozenges
Majority are viral so do not require antibiotics

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial sore throat?

A

Group A strep (strep pyogenes)

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4
Q

Which antibiotics can be given for a bacterial sore throat?

A

Penicillin (not always required)

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5
Q

Are investigations indicated for a simple sore throat?

A

No - throat swabs not usually required in primary care

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6
Q

When should you be suspicious of infectious mononucleosis?

A

Sore throat + lethargy for > 1 week in a patient age 15-25

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7
Q

What are the late complications of strep sore throat?

A

Rheumatic fever

Glomerulonephritis

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8
Q

What are the features of rheumatic fever?

A

3 weeks post sore throat

Fever, arthritis + pancarditis

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9
Q

What are the features of glomerulonephritis following strep throat?

A

1-3 weeks post sore throat

Haematuria, proteinuria + oedema

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10
Q

What causes diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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11
Q

What are the features of diphtheria?

A

Severe sore throat with a grey/white membrane across pharynx
Exotoxin is cardiotoxic + neurotoxic
Vaccine preventable but increasing in some countries e.g. Russia

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12
Q

How is diphtheria managed?

A

Antitoxin + supportive

Penicillin/erythromycin

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13
Q

Who gets infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)?

A

Young adults

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14
Q

What is glandular fever caused by?

A

EBV

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15
Q

What are the clinical features of glandular fever?

A 
Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Sore throat, pharyngitis
Tonsillitis (gross enlargement + membranous exudate)
Malaise, lethargy
Jaundice/hepatitis, hepatosplenomegaly
Rash, palatal petechiae haemorrhages
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16
Q

How is glandular fever diagnosed?

A

Atypical lymphocytes/lymphocytosis in peripheral blood
Abnormal LFTs
EBV serology IgM
Heterophile antibody - Paul-Bunnell test, monospot test

17
Q

Which infections may present very similarly to glandular fever?

A

CMV
Toxoplasmosis
Primary HIV infection –> seroconversion illness

18
Q

How is glandular fever managed?

A

Symptomatic

Avoid contact sports, alcohol + hepatotoxic drugs

19
Q

Which drug must be avoided in glandular fever and why?

A

Amoxicillin –> diagnostic macular rash

20
Q

What are the complications of glandular fever?

A

Splenic rupture
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Upper airway obstruction

21
Q

What does oral candida infection look like?

A

White patches on red, raw mucous membranes in throat/mouth

22
Q

What are the causes of oral candida infection?

A

Post antibiotics
Inhaled steroids
Immunocompromised
Smoking

23
Q

How is oral candida infection treated?

A

Nystatin or fluconazole

ENT (14 decks)

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