ENT Inf Flashcards
Most common cause of URIs is ?
Rhinovirus
Others: influenza virus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, RSV, enteroviruses
How many colds are complicated by secondary bacterial inf?
0.5-2%
Rhinosinusitis which sinus?
How long is acute?
Maxillary> ethmoid > frontal > sphenoid
Acute sinusitis < 4 weeks
Chronic sinusitis ?
> 12 weeks
Most cases bacterial of fungal etiology
Auricular cellulitis
Symptoms
Treatments
Symptoms: tenderness, erythema, swelling, warmth
Treatment: warm compresses, oral antib(cephalexin, dicloxacillin)
Perichondritis treatment ?
Antibiotics against P aeruginosa (piperacillin)
Most common pathogen for otitis externa
P aeruginosa staph aureus
Acute localized otitis externa (furunculosis)
Develops in the outer third of ear canal
S aureus
Treatment: antistaph (dicloxacillin or cephalexin)
Swimmer’s ear treatment ?
Clean, hypertonic saline, alcohol with acetic acid, neomycin and polymyxin +/- glucocorticoids
Invasive otitis externa is also known as
Malignant or necrotising otitis externa
Aggressive and life threatening that occurs in elderly diabetic and immunocompromised
Treatment: iv antibiotics 6-8 weeks piperacyllin cefepime +/- aminoglycosides or fluorochinolones
Acute Otitis media typically occur after a viral URI
Cause ?
S pneumonia (35%), h influenza, m catarrhalis,
Virus-alone or with bacteria in 17-40%
Fluid in the middle ear
Anti-inflammatory and if ater 48-72h no improvement -> antibiotic therapy
Immediate treatment for patients < 6 month old 6-2years with middle ear effusion, >2y with bilateral disease Patients with TM perforation Immunocompromised With severe symptoms > 39° C
Vincent’s angina
Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis or trench mouth
Ludwig’s angina
Cellulitis that involves sublingal and submandibular spaces
