ENT Formative Flashcards
What is most likely to cause exostoses of the external auditory canal?
- A: Cold Water
- B: Congenital abnormalities
- C: Persisitent otitis media
- D: Recurring otitis externa
- E: Trauma
= A: Cold Water
What is the most common cause of middle ear cholesteatoma?
- A: Chronic otitis media
- B: Congenital disorder
- C: Drug toxicity
- D: Exposure to persistent loud noise
- E: Middle ear trauma
What is the most common cause of nasal obstruction?
- A: Allergy
- B: Choanal atresia
- C: Deviated nasal septum
- D: Oestrogen imbalance
- E: URTI
= E: URTI
Which statement regarding chronic disruptive snoring with lethargy is correct?
- A: Caused by persistent nasal obstruction?
- B: Caused by recurrent tonsilitis
- C: Often associated with sleep apnoea
- D: Restricted to overweight males over 50 years
- E: Secondary to chronic sinusitis
= C: Often associated with sleep apnoea
What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient experiencing regurgitation of undigested food eaten a day earlier?
= E: Pharyngeal Pouch
What is the most appropriate treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis?
- A: Broad spectrum antibiotics
- B: Early surgical intervention
- C: Long-term systemic decongestants
- D: Nasal decongestant spray
- E: Oral Steroids
= A: Broad spectrum antibiotics
What is the most important initial investigation of a patient with a two-month history of a hard painless mobile 2cm mass in the left mid neck?
= C: Clinical examination of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts
Postnasal space carcinomas may present with all of the following except:
- A: Change in bowel habits
- B: Diplopia
- C: Painless mass in the neck
- D: Purulent unilateral nasal discharge
- E: Unilateral deafness
= A: Change in bowel habits
- A: Acoustic neuroma
- B: Acute Otitis Media
- C: Acute tonsilitis
- D: Adenoid enlargement
- E: Allergy to wheat flour
- F: Carcinoma of the larynx
- G: Chronic laryngitis
- H: Chronic otitis media
- I: Chronic sinusitis
- J: Congenital hearing loss
- K: Glue ear
- L: Immune deficiency
- M: Meningitis
- N: Nasal polyps
- O: Otosclerosis
- P: Rhinitis medicamentosa
- Q: Viral encephalitis
- R: Viral labyrinthitis
- S: Viral URTI
- T: Vocal cord nodules
= K: Glue ear
- A: Acoustic neuroma
- B: Acute Otitis Media
- C: Acute tonsilitis
- D: Adenoid enlargement
- E: Allergy to wheat flour
- F: Carcinoma of the larynx
- G: Chronic laryngitis
- H: Chronic otitis media
- I: Chronic sinusitis
- J: Congenital hearing loss
- K: Glue ear
- L: Immune deficiency
- M: Meningitis
- N: Nasal polyps
- O: Otosclerosis
- P: Rhinitis medicamentosa
- Q: Viral encephalitis
- R: Viral labyrinthitis
- S: Viral URTI
- T: Vocal cord nodules
= F: Carcinoma of the larynx
- A: Acoustic neuroma
- B: Acute Otitis Media
- C: Acute tonsilitis
- D: Adenoid enlargement
- E: Allergy to wheat flour
- F: Carcinoma of the larynx
- G: Chronic laryngitis
- H: Chronic otitis media
- I: Chronic sinusitis
- J: Congenital hearing loss
- K: Glue ear
- L: Immune deficiency
- M: Meningitis
- N: Nasal polyps
- O: Otosclerosis
- P: Rhinitis medicamentosa
- Q: Viral encephalitis
- R: Viral labyrinthitis
- S: Viral URTI
- T: Vocal cord nodules
= I: Chronic sinusitis
- A: Acoustic neuroma
- B: Acute Otitis Media
- C: Acute tonsilitis
- D: Adenoid enlargement
- E: Allergy to wheat flour
- F: Carcinoma of the larynx
- G: Chronic laryngitis
- H: Chronic otitis media
- I: Chronic sinusitis
- J: Congenital hearing loss
- K: Glue ear
- L: Immune deficiency
- M: Meningitis
- N: Nasal polyps
- O: Otosclerosis
- P: Rhinitis medicamentosa
- Q: Viral encephalitis
- R: Viral labyrinthitis
- S: Viral URTI
- T: Vocal cord nodules
Immune deficiency is the most likely diagnosis.
- A: Acoustic neuroma
- B: Acute Otitis Media
- C: Acute tonsilitis
- D: Adenoid enlargement
- E: Allergy to wheat flour
- F: Carcinoma of the larynx
- G: Chronic laryngitis
- H: Chronic otitis media
- I: Chronic sinusitis
- J: Congenital hearing loss
- K: Glue ear
- L: Immune deficiency
- M: Meningitis
- N: Nasal polyps
- O: Otosclerosis
- P: Rhinitis medicamentosa
- Q: Viral encephalitis
- R: Viral labyrinthitis
- S: Viral URTI
- T: Vocal cord nodules
= O: Otosclerosis
Harold, a three year old Aboriginal boy from a remote community in the North West attends with the district nurse. She reports that the child has chronic mucopurulent discharge from both ears and the nose.
What recommendatoins should be given to the nurse regarding ongoing management? (2 marks)
- Demonstrate regular ear syringing with 25% Betadine
- Teach regular, effective nose blowing
- Advise avoidance of water in the ears - particularly swimming in local waterholes and soapy water with showering or washing the hair
- Antibiotic ear drops after syringing for 5-7 days
(0.5 marks each to a Total of 2 marks)
A 16 year old school girl presents with a husky voice after attending a rock concert.
- List 4 specific details in her history that would be relevant. (4 marks)
- List 3 investigations that should be ordered?
- List 3 possible diagnoses?
History
2. Smoking - how many, for how long (pack year history)
2. Cough and sore throat
3. Recent excessive vocal use - shouting, yelling
4. Indigestion and symtoms of GORD
5. Lung disease (asthma, COAD, bronchitis)
(1 mark each to a total of 4 marks)
