ENT anatomy

Question 1

Name the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 1

genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus

(allow tongue to alter position)

Question 2

Name the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 2

superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
vertical muscle
transverse muscle

(allow tongue to alter its shape)

Question 3

Blood supply to tongue

Answer 3

lingual artery + vein

Question 4

Parotid gland innervation

Answer 4

sensory = mandibular nerve
autonomic = glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 5

Parotid gland blood supply

Answer 5

superficial temporal + maxillary branches of external carotid

Question 6

Submandibular gland innervation

Answer 6

parasympathetic = chorda tympani

Question 7

Submandibular gland blood supply

Answer 7

facial + lingual arteries

Question 8

Sublingual gland innervation

Answer 8

parasympathetic = chorda tympani

Question 9

Sublingual gland blood supply

Answer 9

sublingual + submental arteries

Question 10

What is the innervation of the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 10

supplied by branches of the facial nerve

Question 11

What does the facial nerve exit the skull through?

Answer 11

stylomastoid foramen

Question 12

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 12

temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical

Question 13

When does the facial nerve split into its’ 5 branches?

Answer 13

just after exiting parotid gland

Question 14

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 14

masseter
temporalis
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

Question 15

Motor supply of the muscles of mastication

Answer 15

mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

Question 16

Name the branches of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 16

V1 = ophthalmic
V2 = maxillary
V3 = mandibular

Question 17

Sensory innervation of the nasal cavity

Answer 17

trigeminal nerve (V1 + V2)

Question 18

3 regions of the pharnyx

Answer 18

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 19

What are the 3 pairs of muscles making the muscular tube of the pharynx?

Answer 19

superior constrictor
middle constrictor
inferior constrictor

(sit inside each other like stacked cups)

Question 20

Name the cartilages that support the larynx

Answer 20

thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
paired arytenoids
epiglottis

Question 21

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

Answer 21

behind the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland, within or outside the thyroid capsule

most people have 4 glands

Question 22

What is classed as the external ear?

Answer 22

from auricle/pinna to tympanic membrane

Question 23

What is classed as middle ear?

Answer 23

from tympanic membrane to oval window of middle ear - contains the 3 ossicles (stapes, incus, malleus)

Question 24

Name the ossicles

Answer 24

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 25

What is classed as the inner ear?

Answer 25

innermost portion of ear, containing cochlea and semicircular canals - responsible for sound detection + balance

Question 26

What does the bony labyrinth contain?

Answer 26

perilymph

Question 27

What does the membranous labyrinth contain?

Answer 27

endolymph

Question 28

Why can alcohol cause vertigo?

Answer 28

alters viscosity of endolymph
makes it thinner so sloshes around more
gives perception of spinning

Question 29

Nerve supply to inner ear

Answer 29

vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8)