ENT Flashcards
Why are topical anti infectives for the ear limited to a weeks use?
Excessive use may lead to fungal infections
When can an antibacterial be started in otitis media?
With systemic features and no improvement after 72 hours. Earlier if deterioration, unwell, high risk of complications, mastoiditis, under 2 years old.
Why are aminoglycoside and polymyxin preparations cautioned in some otitis media cases?
Ototoxic. So if perforated. Considered only by specialists.
What is the disadvantage of sodium bicarbonate ear drops?
Dryness of ear canal.
Explain how to administer drops for ear wax
Lie with affected ear uppermost for 5 to 10 minutes after inserting generous amount.
When is removal of ear wax by irrigation avoided?
Young children, unable to cooperate, otitis media within 6 weeks, otitis external, cleft palate, ear drum perforation history, ear surgery, hearing in one ear.
What can sympathomimetic nasal preparations cause?
Damage to nasal cilia.
Rebound congestion
Which nasal preparations may be used in pregnant women with allergic rhinitis?
Beclometasone dipropionate, budesonide, fluticasone or sodium cromoglicate
What guidelines should be followed with a course of mupirocin ointment to prevent resistance?
No longer than 7 days. Not repeated more than once
After what duration of Sinusitis should patients be referred for corticosteroids?
10 days.
Which drug used for rhinorrhoea should patients be warned about accidental eye contact due to ocular complications?
Ipratropium
What advice should be given with chlorhexidine mouthwash?
May be incompatible with toothpaste so rinse through between the two.
What should the fluoride content of drinking water be in order to not warrant supplementation?
700mcg per litre.
At what duration should a patient be urgently referred for a mouth ulcer?
3 weeks
When do oral viral infections require antivirals?
Severe herpetic stomatitis or herpes zoster
