ENT Flashcards
This is defined as sensorineural hearing loss that occurs with aging. It is typically first noticed in the sixth decade of life and characteristically begins with symmetrical, high-frequency hearing impairment. Patients often complain of difficulty hearing in crowded or noisy environment
Presbycusis
This type of chronic conductive hearing loss is associated with bony overgrowth of the stapes. It typically begins with low-frequence hearing loss and is often found in middle aged individuals
Otosclerosis
This presents with episodes of tinnitus, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss
Meniere’s disease
Most patients with this have a history of nocturnal teeth grinding, and patients interpret the pain as coming from the ear due to anatomic proximity. The pain is characteristically worsened with chewing. Can have audible clicks or crepitus but not seen in all patients
TMJ dysfunction
This is a form of herpes zoster infection that causes Bell’s palsy. In this condition, vesicles are typically seen on the outer ear
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
This is a condition in which patients experience intermittent, severe, stabbing pain in areas innervated by cranial nerves IX and X, which includes the ear
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
This usually results in ear discharge and pain with pulling on the pinna
Otitis externa
The presence of a white granular patch or plaque over the buccal mucosa in a patient with a hx of alcohol and tobacco use is most consistent with what?
Oral Leukoplakia . . this is a reactive precancerous lesion that represents hyperplasia of the squamous epithelium
If oral leukoplakia is found, the development of areas with induration and/or ulceration should prompt what?
biopsy to rule out malignant transformation of the lesion
This refers to localized, shallow, painful ulcers with a gray base
Aphthous stomatitis
In contrast to Leukoplakia, the plaques of this can usually be scraped off with a tongue depressor
oral candidiasis or thrush
This cap present with multiple vesicular lesions with an erythematous and inflammatory base and erythematous border within the oral cavity and perioral area
HSV1 . . gingivostomatitis
This presents as persistent nodular erosive, or ulcerative lesions with surrounding erythema or induration. Regional lymphadenopathy can be present as well.
Squamous cell carcinoma
There are a large number of ototoxic medications that can cause senorineural hearing loss, including what?
- Aminoglycoside antibiotics
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Aspirin
- Loop diuretics
Ear related side effects of Aspirin
- usually causes tinnitus
- In very higher doses (6 to 8 grams/day) it can cause hearing loss
Side effects of hydrochlorothiazide
- orthostatic hypotension
- Photosensitivity
- Hypercalcemia
What is the most common middle ear pathology in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and what is it due to?
- Serous otitis media
- due to the auditory tube dysfunction arising from HIV lymphadenopathy or obstructing lymphomas