2nd Uworld assessment Flashcards
What problem related to lactation?
subareolar, mobile, well circumscribed , nontender, SOFT mass; no fever. typically occurs a few weeks to months after cessation of breastfeeding
Galactocele
Size of galactocele
up to 5 cm in size
What problem related to lactation?
small, FIRM, TENDER palpable lump due to inadequate breast drainage. Erythema may be present, but not fever
Plugged duct
Size of a plugged duct mass
2 cm or less
Patients with right sided heart failure (maybe COPD) are preload dependent and require CAREFUL diuresis as what can happen?
Intravascular volume depletion . . . prerenal azotemia
Amenorrhea in Progestin-containing IUD?
Copper?
- typical side effect of Progestin-containing IUD
- A patient with a copper IUD should maintain regular menses
Patients with low-grade fever, RUQ tenderness, N/V, leukocytosis, obstructive appearing liver enzymes after a recently lap chole
Bile leak, one of the most common complications
imaging of a post lap chole bile leak?
normal-appearing biliary ducts or only mild dilation (which can be from the postop state alone)
Retained gallstone would show what on imaging in post lap chole?
significant biliary dilation
Neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease often occur within the first several weeks of infection and may include what?
- lymphocytic meningitis
- Cranial nerve palsies
- and/or radiculoneuritis
- Facial Nerve palsy is particularly common (about 8%)
Describe the facial nerve balsy that can occur in early Lyme disease?
Rapid onset facial weakness that is often bilateral
gene mutation in Rett syndrome
MECP2
Preload in cardiogenic shock?
increased
This is an inflammatory condition involving occluded skin surfaces such as the axillae, groin, inframammary folds, or abdominal folds. It is most commonly due to Candida species.
Intertrigo
The diagnosis of Intertrigo is mainly based on clinical features, but potassium hydroxide prep or fungal culture of skin scraping can confirm the diagnosis if need . . . how will it appear?
-pseudohyphae with budding yeast forms (blastoconidia)
This is a superficial skin infection that also affects intertriginal areas. It is caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum and presents with well-demarcated, thin, red-brown plaques with wrinkling and a fine scale
Erythrasma
Diagnostic “imaging” of Erythrasma
coral-red appearance under wood’s lamp
Tinea cruris presents as annular lesions with partial central clearing and a scaly-raised border. It can be caused by a number of dermatophytes, which appear on KOH prep as what?
septate hyphae
All congenital infections can present in neonatal period with IUGR, Hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, and blueberry muffin spots . . what is the most common congenital infection?
CMV
Treatment of mild-moderate sunburn
- Topical: cool compresses, calamine lotion, aloe vera
- Oral: NSAIDS
Gout can be triggered by thiazide and loop diuretics due to decreased clearance of urate. What are acute treatment options
- NSAIDS
- Colchicine
- glucocorticoids
What is the preferred treatment for acute gout in patients taking anticoagulants?
Colchicine and glucocorticoids due to the risk of bleeding with NSAIDs
Patient presents with first trimester vaginal bleeding, closed cervix, and a fetus with a normal heart rate on US is consistent with threatened abortion. US can also reveal a subchorionic hematoma, an abnormal collection of blood between the placenta and the uterus. Risk factors for spontaneous abortion include advanced maternal age and a previous spontaneous abortion. Describe the management?
Patients with a threatened abortion frequently have uncomplicated pregnancies with normal outcomes. Therefore, management of a threatened abortion is expectant with outpatient observation
-Serial US can be performed until either the symptoms resolve or there is progression to a complete abortion
Acute liver failure is characterized by what triad?
- Elevated aminotransferases
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Prolonged prothrombin time with INR > 1.5
- in a patient without underlying liver disease