ENT

Question 1

Sudden onset of FIRM/ERYTHEMATOUS swelling of pre- and post-auricular areas extending to mandible angle + NOT FLUCTUANT in ELDERLY PTS who are dehydrated

Answer 1

ACUTE SUPPURATIVE PAROTITIS (#1 = STAPH AUREUS)

Need needle aspiration, hydration, IV Abx, SURGICAL I&D

Question 2

What makes a SALIVARY GLAND TUMOR malignant? most of them are benign

Answer 2

Involvement of MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS

Question 3

Infection of submandibular space associated with TOOTH INFECTION** and USUALLY POLYMICROBIAL + Tongue elevation/protruding (leading to AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION)

Answer 3

LUDWIG’S ANGINA

Question 4

Extremely swollen and fluctuent tonsil with uvula deviation = ?

Answer 4

PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS

Question 5

Persistent sore throat (initially diagnosed and treated as strep) by FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHPHORUM (Gm- producing endotoxin) + TORTICOLLIS, TRISMUS, DYSPHAGIA + THROMBOPHLEBITIS + Embolic infection of other organs

Answer 5

LEMIERE’S SYNDROME - post-anginal sepsis

Question 6

Midline mass in ANTERIOR NECK of a child (typically Asx)

Answer 6

THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST

Question 7

ANTERIOR TO SCM = ?

Answer 7

ORAL CAVITY, OROPHARYNX, LARYNX

Question 8

POSTERIOR TO SCM =

Answer 8

NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER

Question 9

80% of malignancies of the neck are __

Answer 9

SQUAMOUS

Question 10

Pain out of proportion to physical exam - ALWAYS THINK of what type of pathology?

Answer 10

ISCHEMIA - COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

Question 11

Fractures associated with vascular injury:

Answer 11

#1 = SUPRACONDYLAR HUMERAL FRACTURE (KIDS)
#2 POSTERIOR HIP DISLOCATION 
#3 POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATION 
#4 FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE

Question 12

FALL ON OUTSTRETCHED HAND, HUMERUS COMES FORWARD - what type of fracture?

Answer 12

SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE

risk of injuring BRACHIAL ARTERY + ULNER NERVE injury possibly

Question 13

AVASCULAR NECROSIS

Answer 13

Avascular necrosis of head of femur = very disabling problem

Question 14

Which type of hip dislocations are most common? POSTERIOR hip dislocations»ANTERIOR hip dislocations

Answer 14

POSTERIOR hip dislocations»ANTERIOR hip dislocations

Question 15

JOINT that is hot and swollen

Answer 15

ALWAYS ASPIRATE first

SEPTIC arthritis as a possibility

Question 16

OPEN FRACTURES

Answer 16

managed differently than closed fractures due to risk of INFECTION + OSTEMOYELITIS

Need to be washed out within a period of time (<6hrs)

Question 17

What is the most common cause of ACUTE URINARY RETENTION (>200cc in bladder) in males vs females?

Answer 17

MALES - URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION

FEMALES - NEUROGENIC BLADDER

Question 18

ACUTE ONSET OF UNILATERAL SCROTAL PAIN + N/V

Answer 18

TESTICULAR TORSION

Question 19

How do you make the diagnosis of KIDNEY STONES?

Answer 19

NON-CONTRAST HELICAL CT SCAN

Question 20

What is cushing triad

Answer 20

HYPERTENSION + BRADYCARDIA + IRREGULAR RESPIRATION

Question 21

When suspecting AORTA COARCTATION as surgically correctable causes of HTN, what physical exam finding could one use?

Answer 21

BLOOD PRESSURE VARIANCE Between arms and legs

Question 22

HYPERACUTE REJECTION

Answer 22

CAN NOT be treated due to pre-formed Abs

Question 23

ACUTE REJECTION

Answer 23

Tcells - CAN be treated with immunosuppression

Question 24

COMPLICATIONS OF GASTRECTOMY PROCEDURE

Answer 24

RouxenY - can get SHORT GUT SYNDROME + OBSTRUCTION

Can get duodenal obstruction (biliary obstruction, elevated lipase)

Question 25

POST-GASTRECTOMY SYNDROMES:

Answer 25

ALKALINE REFLUX GASTRITIS
AFERENT LOOP SYNDROME
DUMPING SYNDROME (EARLY/LATE)

Question 26

For gastric bypass surgery, what is the sign of ANASTOMOTIC LEAK? How is this detected?

Answer 26

DETECTED BY GASTROGRAFFIN SWALLOW

Leak sx = UNEXPLAINED TACHYCARDIA (PERSISTENT)

Question 27

UNCOMMON CAUSE OF SBO =

Answer 27

GALLSTONE ILEUS