ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Sudden onset of FIRM/ERYTHEMATOUS swelling of pre- and post-auricular areas extending to mandible angle + NOT FLUCTUANT in ELDERLY PTS who are dehydrated

A

ACUTE SUPPURATIVE PAROTITIS (#1 = STAPH AUREUS)

Need needle aspiration, hydration, IV Abx, SURGICAL I&D

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2
Q

What makes a SALIVARY GLAND TUMOR malignant? most of them are benign

A

Involvement of MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS

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3
Q

Infection of submandibular space associated with TOOTH INFECTION** and USUALLY POLYMICROBIAL + Tongue elevation/protruding (leading to AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION)

A

LUDWIG’S ANGINA

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4
Q

Extremely swollen and fluctuent tonsil with uvula deviation = ?

A

PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS

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5
Q

Persistent sore throat (initially diagnosed and treated as strep) by FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHPHORUM (Gm- producing endotoxin) + TORTICOLLIS, TRISMUS, DYSPHAGIA + THROMBOPHLEBITIS + Embolic infection of other organs

A

LEMIERE’S SYNDROME - post-anginal sepsis

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6
Q

Midline mass in ANTERIOR NECK of a child (typically Asx)

A

THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST

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7
Q

ANTERIOR TO SCM = ?

A

ORAL CAVITY, OROPHARYNX, LARYNX

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8
Q

POSTERIOR TO SCM =

A

NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER

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9
Q

80% of malignancies of the neck are __

A

SQUAMOUS

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10
Q

Pain out of proportion to physical exam - ALWAYS THINK of what type of pathology?

A

ISCHEMIA - COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

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11
Q

Fractures associated with vascular injury:

A
#1 = SUPRACONDYLAR HUMERAL FRACTURE (KIDS)
#2 POSTERIOR HIP DISLOCATION 
#3 POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATION 
#4 FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE
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12
Q

FALL ON OUTSTRETCHED HAND, HUMERUS COMES FORWARD - what type of fracture?

A

SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE

risk of injuring BRACHIAL ARTERY + ULNER NERVE injury possibly

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13
Q

AVASCULAR NECROSIS

A

Avascular necrosis of head of femur = very disabling problem

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14
Q

Which type of hip dislocations are most common? POSTERIOR hip dislocations»ANTERIOR hip dislocations

A

POSTERIOR hip dislocations»ANTERIOR hip dislocations

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15
Q

JOINT that is hot and swollen

A

ALWAYS ASPIRATE first

SEPTIC arthritis as a possibility

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16
Q

OPEN FRACTURES

A

managed differently than closed fractures due to risk of INFECTION + OSTEMOYELITIS

Need to be washed out within a period of time (<6hrs)

17
Q

What is the most common cause of ACUTE URINARY RETENTION (>200cc in bladder) in males vs females?

A

MALES - URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION

FEMALES - NEUROGENIC BLADDER

18
Q

ACUTE ONSET OF UNILATERAL SCROTAL PAIN + N/V

A

TESTICULAR TORSION

19
Q

How do you make the diagnosis of KIDNEY STONES?

A

NON-CONTRAST HELICAL CT SCAN

20
Q

What is cushing triad

A

HYPERTENSION + BRADYCARDIA + IRREGULAR RESPIRATION

21
Q

When suspecting AORTA COARCTATION as surgically correctable causes of HTN, what physical exam finding could one use?

A

BLOOD PRESSURE VARIANCE Between arms and legs

22
Q

HYPERACUTE REJECTION

A

CAN NOT be treated due to pre-formed Abs

23
Q

ACUTE REJECTION

A

Tcells - CAN be treated with immunosuppression

24
Q

COMPLICATIONS OF GASTRECTOMY PROCEDURE

A

RouxenY - can get SHORT GUT SYNDROME + OBSTRUCTION

Can get duodenal obstruction (biliary obstruction, elevated lipase)

25
Q

POST-GASTRECTOMY SYNDROMES:

A

ALKALINE REFLUX GASTRITIS
AFERENT LOOP SYNDROME
DUMPING SYNDROME (EARLY/LATE)

26
Q

For gastric bypass surgery, what is the sign of ANASTOMOTIC LEAK? How is this detected?

A

DETECTED BY GASTROGRAFFIN SWALLOW

Leak sx = UNEXPLAINED TACHYCARDIA (PERSISTENT)

27
Q

UNCOMMON CAUSE OF SBO =

A

GALLSTONE ILEUS