ENT Flashcards
The narrowest portion of the upper respiratory tract and, as such, has a major bearing on the
aerodynamics of nasal air-flow
LIMNE NASI
The anterior bony opening of the nasal cavity
PIRIFORM APERTURE
Most common site of epistaxis
Kisselbach’s plexus in Little’s Area
Standard paranasal sinus radiographs in the occipitomental projection
Water projection
Standard paranasal sinus radiographs in the occipitofrontal projection
Caldwell projection
Demonstrates the maxillary sinus and gives a limited view of the sphenoid sinus
occipitomentalprojection (Water)
Better for evaluating the ethmoid cells and frontal sinus
occipitofrontalprojection (Cadwell)
A butterfly-shaped advancement flap used to close a defect.
bilobed flap
Larger defects of the nose can be reconstructed with a forehead flap based on what 2 arteries
supraciliary and supratrochlear arteries
The myocutaneous pectoralis major flap is frequently used in the head and neck and is useful for repairing large defects in the facial region. This is based on what artery?
thoracoacromial artery
Converse scalp flap is usually based on what artery?
superficial temporal artery
Special type of lateral midfacial fracture which is characterized by isolated fracture of the orbital floor with a partial herniation of the orbital contents into the maxillary sinus
Blow out fracture
Isolated detachment of the alveolar process
Le Fort I
Pyramidal fracture with detachment of the maxilla.
Le Fort II
Craniofacial dysjunction.
Le Fort III
Painless, tense swelling in the carotid triangle between the hyoid bone and sternocleidomastoid muscle
Branchial cleft cysts
Presence of typically large hemangioma in which thrombotic processes lead to DIC with consumption coagulopathy; almost exclusive to small infants.
Kassabach-Merritt
Deep bluehemangiomas with a rubbery consistency form on the integument and persist without involution
Blue rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome
Hypernasal speech
rhinophonia aperta
Incomplete closure of the nasopharynx
3 drugs that commonly causes gingival hyperplasia
Phenytoin
Nifedipine
Cyclosporine
An exotosis protruding from the midline of hard palate.
TORUS PALATINE
Bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue.
TORUS MANDIBULARIS
Vincent’s Angina, Vincent’s dse is also known as
Trench mouth
Trench moutch is caused by
Borrelia vincentii
It presents clinically with unilateral dysphagia, malaise and a fetid breath odor and examination reveals unilateral fibrin coated ulceron the palatine tonsil
Trench mouth
Circle of protective lymphoid tissue at the upper ends of the respiratory and alimentary tracts
Waldeyer’s Ring
In severe tonsillitis, pain may be felt in ipisilateral ear. This referred pain is due to
CN IX
Complication of untreated tonsillitis which causes muffled speech and distorted quality of the voice (“hot potato voice)
PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS
Duct of parotid gland
Stensen’s duct
Duct of submandibular gland
Wharton’s duct
Duct of sublingual duct
Rivinus duct
Provide the most detailed view of duct system
Sialography
Secondary to obstruction of sublingual gland duct/rivinus; appears like belly of frog
Ranula
Aka post-parotidectomy syndrome characterized by gustatory sweating or excessive sweating of the cheek, temple, or behind the ears after food ingestion
Frey Syndrome
Obesity hyperventilation syndrome
Pickwickian Syndrome
Apnea index that is diagnostic of Peripheral/ Obstructive Sleep ApneaSyndrome (OSAS)
> 5
Gold standard in confirming OSAS
POLYSOMNOGRAPHY (PSG)
In a diagnostic method for OSAS, patient sits in an upright/45. reclined position; endoscope put in place; patient’s nostrils compressed & instructed to inhale the residual intraoral air while keeping mouth closed. What do you call this maneuver?
Muller maneuver
“Swimmer’s ear”
ACUTE OTITIS EXTERNA
Most common pathogen of AOE
P. aeruginosa 99%
S. aureus
Streptococcus
Bulging of TM is what stage of AOM?
Stage 3 (exudative)
Stage 1 - hyperemic
Stage 2 - transudative
Stage 4 - suppurative
Non-surgical treatment for OSAS that “pneumatically splints” unstable portions of airway via continuous positive pressure ventilation which keeps tissues from collapsing during sleep & obstructing airflow
Transnasal CPAP/BIPAP mask
Where is the point of weakness in the upper cervical esophagus which is the site of the origin of Zenker’s diverticulum:
A. the esophageal introitus
B. the middle pharyngeal constrictor
C. the transition between the thyropharyngeus and the cricopharyngeus
D. the uppermost portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
C. the transition between the thyropharyngeus and the cricopharyngeus
A young patient in a psychiatric institution undergoes rigid esophagoscopy for the removal of an open safety pin in the distal esophagus. Following the procedure, she develops midchest pain and fever. In this patient:
A. esophageal perforation should be considered
B. esophageal ulceration should be suspected
C. a flexible esophagoscopy should be done
D. antibiotic therapy should be commenced
A. esophageal perforation should be considered
The most common important prognosticating factor in well differentiated thyroid cancer is:
Age of the patient
A 40 year old male presents with progressive dysphagia and weight loss. On esophagoscopy, the esophagus is dilated with food debris but the procedure is completed with ease. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Esophageal cancer
B. Achalasia
C. Adenocarcinoma of the cardia
D. Reflux esophagitis
A. Esophageal cancer
Which of the following esophageal lesions is most likely to be followed by the development of adenocarcinoma:
A. Achalasia
B. Barrett’s esophagus
C. Caustic burn
D. Plummer-Vinson syndrome
B. Barrett’s esophagus
The most common presenting symptom in patients with esophageal carcinoma is:
A. Chest pain
B. Palpable lower cervical nodules
C. Dysphagia
D. Hematemesis
C. Dysphagia
Histologic examination of a thyroid gland tumor reveals psammoma bodies. This findings indicates that the lesion is:
A. Benign B. Metastatic C. Follicular CA D. Medullary CA E. Papillary CA
E. Papillary CA
A 42-year old female with goiter, a 4 x 6 cm mass on the scalp of 6 months duration and a pulmonary nodule on chestx-ray. In this case, one suggests:
A. Follicular CA of thyroid B. Bronchogenic CA with scalp and thyroid metastases C. Soft tissue sarcoma of scalp D. Papillary CA of thyroid E. Medullary CA of thyroid
A. Follicular CA of thyroid
The radiographic examination of choice for diagnosing an unstable cervical spine is:
A. Cervical lateral x-ray
B. Cervical AP x-ray
C. Cervical MRI
D. Cervical CT Scan
A. Cervical lateral x-ray
