ENT Flashcards
What is the usual infective cause of otitis media?
Viral
What bacteria can cause otitis media?
Strep pneumonia
H influenzae
Strep pyogenes
What bacteria can cause CHRONIC otitis media?
Pseudomonas aeringosa
What is the most common causes of sore throat?
VIRAL
What is the most common bacterial cause of sore throat?
Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) aka strep pyrogenes
What is the treatment for bacterial sore throat?
Oral penicillin
What is the treatment for bacterial sore throat if patient is pen-allergic?
Clarithromycin
Should you give amoxicillin for a bacterial sore throat?
NOOOOOO!!!!!
If it is actually infectious mononucleus then the patient will develop a red rash
What are 3 acute complications of strep throat?
Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
Sinusitis/ otitis media
Scarlet fever
What are 2 late complications of strep throat?
Rheumatic fever (fever, arthritis and pancarditis) Glomerulonephritis (haematuria, albuminuria and oedema)
What is the most likely causitive organism if you see a patient with a severe sore throat with a grey/white membrane across the pharynx?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
What is the treatment for diptheria?
Antitoxin
Supportive - intubation and ventilation if airway is blocked
Penicillin/ erythromycin
What organism causes oral thrush?
Candida albicans
What is seen clinically in oral thrush?
White patches on red, raw mucous membranes
What is the treatment for oral thrush?
Topical nystatin
Why don’t you give children doxycycline?
Stains teeth and bones
What are the most common bacterial causes of otitis externa?
Staph aureus
Proteus spp
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What are the most common fungal causes of otitis externa?
Aspergillus niger
Candida albicans
What is the managment of OE?
Topical aural toilet
Swab
What treatment is given for fungal OE?
Topical clotrimazole
What treatment is given for pseudomonas OE?
Topical gentamicin
What are other names for infectious mononucleus?
Mono
Glandular fever
How would you describe the lymphocytes in infectious mononcleus?
Atypical
Large, irregular nuclei
Activated T-lymphocytes
What causes infectious mononucleus?
EBV
What investigations are done for infectious mononucleus?
Epstein-barr virus IgM
Heterophile antibody - paul-bunnel test and monospot test
FBC
LFTs
What does herpes simplex type 1 cause?
Primary gingiostomatitis
Where does the inactive HSV-1 remain?
Trigeminal nerve
What lab test is done for confirm HSV?
PCR to detect viral DNA
Serological IgG
What is a serious complication of HSV?
Herpes simplex encephalitis with temporal lobe necrosis
What is herpetic whitlow?
Abscess in terminal phalanx dues to HSV
What is herpangia?
Ulcers on soft palate due to coxsakie viruses
What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?
Coxsakie viruses (enteroviruses)
What is a chancre?
Painless ulcer at the site of entry of syphillis bacteria
