ENT

Question 1

What is periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 1

Bacterial infection of the eyelid and surrounding tissues.

Question 2

What are common causative organisms of periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 2

• Staphylococcus
• Streptococcus

Question 3

What are signs and symptoms of periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 3

• Swollen eyelids
• Tenderness
• Red or purple discoloration
• Restricted or painful eye movement
• Fever

Question 4

What is the treatment for periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 4

• IV antibiotics
• IV fluids
• Warm packs

Question 5

How soon should improvement be seen with periorbital cellulitis treatment?

Answer 5

48–72 hours

Question 6

What are potential complications of untreated periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 6

• Orbital cellulitis
• Possible bacterial meningitis

Question 7

What are common causes of eye injuries in children?

Answer 7

• BB guns
• Fireworks
• Sharp objects
• Chemical burns
• Sports

Question 8

What is the treatment for eye burns?

Answer 8

Irrigate the eye for 15–30 minutes, transport to ER immediately.

Question 9

What should you never do with a penetrating eye injury?

Answer 9

Never remove the object — must be done by an ophthalmologist.

Question 10

How is a corneal abrasion diagnosed?

Answer 10

Fluorescein strip to visualize abrasion.

Question 11

What is the treatment for corneal abrasions?

Answer 11

Erythromycin eye drops.

Question 12

What do you do for a foreign body on the conjunctiva?

Answer 12

Avoid rubbing, irrigate. Go to ER if it can’t be removed.

Question 13

How do you treat a ‘black eye’?

Answer 13

• Ice the eye
• After 2 days apply warm compresses

Question 14

What is otitis media (OM)?

Answer 14

Inflammation of the middle ear.

Question 15

What is acute otitis media (AOM)?

Answer 15

• Acute ear pain
• Bulging tympanic membrane
• Middle ear effusion

Question 16

Which children are more likely to get AOM?

Answer 16

• Boys
• Daycare attendees
• Children with allergies
• Wintertime cases

Question 17

What helps prevent otitis media?

Answer 17

Breastfeeding.

Question 18

What usually precedes otitis media?

Answer 18

Viral upper respiratory infection (URI).

Question 19

What causes the pain in otitis media?

Answer 19

Inflammation blocks air in the middle ear; pressure builds behind tympanic membrane.

Question 20

How does a normal tympanic membrane differ from one with AOM?

Answer 20

• AOM: red, bulging, non-mobile membrane
• OME: visible fluid line or air bubbles behind the membrane

Question 21

What are key nursing considerations for OM?

Answer 21

• Antibiotic education
• Pain relief
• Follow-up
• Prevention (no smoking, proper feeding position, pacifier use)

Question 22

When is tympanostomy tube placement considered?

Answer 22

For recurrent OM or persistent effusion — ENT referral.

Question 23

What is otitis externa?

Answer 23

Inflammation of the ear canal’s skin and soft tissue.

Question 24

What causes otitis externa?

Answer 24

• Water in the ear (swimming)
• Inserting objects into the ear

Question 25

How is otitis externa treated?

Answer 25

Antibiotic ear drops, sometimes with steroids.

Question 26

What is epistaxis?

Answer 26

Nosebleed.

Question 27

Who is most affected by epistaxis?

Answer 27

School-age boys.

Question 28

What are common causes of epistaxis?

Answer 28

* Nose picking * Foreign bodies * Dry air * Allergies * Infection * Forceful coughing

Question 29

How should epistaxis be treated?

Answer 29

Sit upright, tilt head forward, pinch nares below nasal bone for 10–15 minutes.

Question 30

What should be done if bleeding doesn't stop after initial care?

Answer 30

* Insert cotton ball (plain or soaked in epinephrine/thrombin/lidocaine) * Evaluate CBC, coags

Question 31

Why might a child vomit after a nosebleed?

Answer 31

Swallowed blood causes abdominal upset.

Question 32

What is tonsillitis?

Answer 32

Inflammation/infection of the palatine tonsils.

Question 33

What is pharyngitis?

Answer 33

Infection of the pharynx.

Question 34

What are most cases of pharyngitis caused by?

Answer 34

Viruses (80%).

Question 35

What bacteria often causes bacterial tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

Answer 35

Group A beta-hemolytic strep (GABHS).

Question 36

How is strep throat diagnosed?

Answer 36

Throat culture.

Question 37

What are symptoms of tonsillitis?

Answer 37

* Difficulty swallowing * Enlarged cervical nodes * Breathing difficulty * Redness * Swelling * Exudates

Question 38

How is viral tonsillitis treated?

Answer 38

Supportive care.

Question 39

How is bacterial tonsillitis treated?

Answer 39

Oral penicillin for 10 days.

Question 40

When is a child no longer contagious with strep tonsillitis?

Answer 40

After 24 hours of antibiotic therapy.

Question 41

When is a tonsillectomy warranted?

Answer 41

* 7+ episodes in 1 year * 5+/year for 2 years * 3+/year for 3 years * Sleep-disordered breathing from tonsillar hypertrophy

Question 42

What are key nursing interventions after tonsillectomy?

Answer 42

* Cool fluids * Pain control (Tylenol/narcotics) * Ice collar * Monitor for bleeding

Question 43

What are signs of bleeding after tonsillectomy?

Answer 43

* Frequent swallowing * Vomiting blood * Restlessness

Question 44

What is normal after tonsillectomy?

Answer 44

* Slight smell * White exudate on throat for 7 days * Low-grade fever

Question 45

What fever is concerning after tonsillectomy?

Answer 45

Fever >38.8°C