ENT Flashcards
How would you manage a unilateral polyp?
Urgent ENT referral - red flag symptom
A 78-year-old man attends his general practitioner concerned about a small lesion on his inner, lower lip. It has been present for around a month but does not seem to have changed over this time. Management?
A history of more than 3 weeks persistent oral ulceration should be referred to oral surgery under the two week wait
How does acute viral labrynthitis present?
Acute viral labrynthitis: sudden onset horizontal nystagmus, hearing disturbances, nausea, vomiting and vertigo
What is tympanosclerosis?
Tympanosclerosis is characterised by a chalky, white plaque on the tympanic membrane which is not visualised in this case. This finding is suggestive of a previous middle ear infection or trauma.
How do we diagnose and treat BPPV?
Dix to Diagnose, Epley to End
How do we treat acute sensorineural hearing loss?
There is some evidence that high dose steroids (60mg/day) for seven days improves prognosis, so all patients should start treatment as soon as possible. ENT assessment should be arranged as soon as possible to allow pure tone audiometry testing and to arrange an MRI to exclude an acoustic neuroma. Intra-tympanic steroids can also be given if there is no response to oral steroids.
What is chronic rhinosinusitiss?
Chronic rhinosinusitis affects up to 1 in 10 people. It is generally defined as an inflammatory disorder of the paranasal sinuses and linings of the nasal passages that lasts 12 weeks or longer.
How do we treat chronic rhinosinusitis?
Management of recurrent or chronic sinusitis
avoid allergen
intranasal corticosteroids
nasal irrigation with saline solution
What is presbycusis?
Presbycusis (or age-related hearing loss) occurs bilaterally and affects 1 in 3 adults over 65 years. It is a progressive, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
What is allergic rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nose where the nose become sensitized to allergens such as house dust mites and grass, tree and weed pollens.
How do we treat otitis media?
Amoxicillin (co-amox 2nd line)
How does Meniere’s disease present?
Meniere’s disease is characterised by recurrent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, and a sensation of fullness or pressure in the affected ear.
What is the pathophysiology in Meniere’s disease?
These symptoms result from an accumulation of endolymphatic fluid within the inner ear, leading to increased pressure and subsequent dysfunction of the vestibular and cochlear systems. The exact cause of Meniere’s disease remains unclear, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
