ent

Question 1

what is the most common type of oral ulcer?

Answer 1

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

what antibiotcs do you prescribe to a patient who is penicillin allergic and have presented with sore throt?

Answer 2

clarithromycin 500mg bd for 5 days

Question 3

what is the most common cause of a malignant tumour of the parotid gland?

Answer 3

mucoepidermoid carcinoma. the swelling will be hard and there will be fascial nerve involvement due to inifilteration.

Question 4

management of labirithitis or acute vestibulitis is

Answer 4

symptomatic- prochlorperazine or cyclizine

Question 5

if the inr is 5.5 and the patient had epistaxis then the management is

Answer 5

stop the warfrin and give iv vitamin k

Question 6

what is the condition characteristically appears as unilateral hearing loss and ottorhea

Answer 6

cholesteatoma, otitis media with effusion will not have effusion and has a bimodal distribution

Question 7

sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss should be managed by

Answer 7

same day referral because it is an ent emergency

Question 8

most common cause of otitis externa is

Answer 8

pseudomonas aeroginosa- gram negetive rods

Question 9

which nerve innervates tensor tympani?

Answer 9

cn5 mandibular division.the tensor tympani muscle is one of two small muscles located in the middle ear. Its purpose is to dampen loud sounds that might otherwise cause damage to the ear.

Question 10

what is the management of acute bacterial

Answer 10

oral amoxi or doxy give it when there is purulent discharge and one sided symptoms

Question 11

acute mastoiditis management

Answer 11

iv antibiotics

Question 12

hpv 16 predisposes to

Answer 12

oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer.

Question 13

pink tinge to the tympanic membrane, which is known as Schwarze sign or Flamingo flush, is found in

Answer 13

otoscelrosis.. first line management is hearing aids

Question 14

flat tympanogram trace type b is indicative of

Answer 14

fluid behind the tympanic membrane

Question 15

reinkes edema is most commonly associated with

Answer 15

hypothyroidism….it will have hoarsening of the voice gradually and thickening of the vocal cords

Question 16

when can tonislectomy be considered

Answer 16

if a patient has more than 5 episodes per year for 2 years

Question 17

what is the first line management of acute otitis media with effusion?

Answer 17

2-6 weeks of amoxicillin and of teh amox fails then go for grommet

Question 18

otitis media of more than 3 days then give

Answer 18

abx

Question 19

which drug can cause sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 19

furosamide

Question 20

adult-onset asthma, symptoms of nasal obstruction and bilateral nasal polyps classical features of this condition.

Answer 20

eosinophillic granulomatosis polyangitis and saddle nose are associated with granulomatosis with polyangitis

Question 21

A 30 year old woman is involved in a road traffic accident. Primary survey shows no obvious abnormalities and her observations are normal. However, there is blood-stained serous discharge from the right ear. On otoscopy, blood is visualised behind the tympanic membrane. When the discharge is dropped onto filter paper, it demonstrates the “halo sign”. Which additional finding would be most in keeping with the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 21

behind mastoid bruising- battle sign. due to pterous bone fracture …investigation would be CT.

Question 22

Anterior rhinoscopy shows a bilateral cherry-red swelling arising from the nasal septum. management is

Answer 22

septal haematoma requires urgent referral to the ENT for incision and drainage or else the nose can have saddle nose deformity or necrosis of the septum.

Question 23

what isthe management of mineres

Answer 23

acute use of prochlorperazine and prophylaxis with beta histine

Question 24

what is the two imaging required in a suspected cholesteatoma?

Answer 24

pure tone audiometery and CT

Question 25

road traffic accident can predispose you to

Answer 25

BPPV

Question 26

which head and head cancer is most common in hpv infection?

Answer 26

oropharyngeal cancer

Question 27

till which size of vestibular schwannoma do we not do anything?

Answer 27

till its 400mm or its fast growing….reassess every 6 months