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urology > cardio > Flashcards

cardio Flashcards

1
Q

which type of ventilation is used in patients with type 2 respiratory failure

A

Bipap adn in type 1(hypoxia with normal c02) resp failure the ventilation should be cpap

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2
Q

which medication can be used in patient with family history of ventilation difficulty and having trouble ventilation during anaesthetic

A

rocuronium

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3
Q

which anti-emetic drug is good for post op nausea and vomiting

A

odansterone which is a centrally acting 5ht3 inhibitor.

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4
Q

Coved st elevation in V1 and v2 of >2mm and followed by negative t waves is a characteristic of

A

brugada syndrome

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5
Q

what is the management of narrow complex tachycardia? in a patient wh has asthma

A

verpamil and if no asthma then adenosin 6mg bolus….first vasalva should be tried then these

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6
Q

what is the normal length of pr interval

A

120 to 200ms…..from beging of p wave to beginning of qrs….and qt is start of the q wave to the end of the t wave

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7
Q

downslopping st segment depression is seen in

A

digoxin therapy…reverse tick st segments

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8
Q

what is the treatment for rheumatic fever

A

iv benzylpenicillin followed by phenoxymethylpenicillin

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9
Q

mid systolic click with a late systolic murmur is suggestive of

A

mitral valve prolapse,,,,,,,,marafan syndrome

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10
Q

when do you choose CABG over angina in a patient with stable angina

A

over 65, 3 vessel disease or has diabtes…Note that PCI may be more cost-effective than CABG, but CABG has a mortality advantage over patients who:

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11
Q

what are the 3rd line management for stable angina

A

long acting nitrate, ivabradin(cannpt use if hr <70), ranolazine or nicorandil

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12
Q

which drug is known for shortening th eqt interval?

A

digoxin

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13
Q

ejection systolic murmur which i squiter on valsalva or squatting is

A

HOCM (left ventricle outflow obstruction) it can also have pan systolic murmur due to mitral regurg

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14
Q

Pan systolic murmur heard best on the apex after anterior wall mi is due to

A

mitral regurgitation

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15
Q

wat is the maximum dose atropine that can be used in bradycardia and what is the next step

A

500mcg 6 doses. transcutaneous pacing should be tried first before transvenous pacing.

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16
Q

wpw causes

A

preexcitation of the ventricles

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17
Q

what is the management of infective endocarditis caused by streptococcus(gram positive coccus in chain)

A

benzylpenicillin and gentamycin(6weeks)////PR interval prolongation in a patient with Infective Endocarditis is an indication for surgery as it can be secondary to aortic root abscess

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18
Q

for infective endocarditis caused by gram positive cocci in cluster

A

staph aureus- flucox plus gentamycin

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19
Q

ST Segment depression with chest pain but normal trop will be

A

unstable angina and treated as per acs protocol….for it to nstemi the troponin level should be positive

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20
Q

mid diastolic rumbling murmur heard best on the left sternal border is most likely

A

acute aortic regurg

21
Q

BNP is released by

A

ventricles in the stress of overwork

22
Q

in a patient who has strep bbovis causing tricuspid vegetation what Is the investigation that can be done to find the source of infection?

A

colonoscopy becasue s bovis is normallyy implicated in colorectal cancer and if here is a breach n the gut then the bateraemia can cause infective endocarditis.

23
Q

which anti coag is licensed for valvular AF

A

warfrin

24
Q

what is the axis deviation expected in inferior wall mi?

A

left (-30 to -90 degree) (lead 1 is positive an dlead 2 is negative)…..right axis is when 1 is negative and 2 is positive then right axis(+90 to +180)////////normal axis is -30 to +90

25
Q

which kind of heart block is seen in professional athletes

A

mobitz type 1 where there is gradual prolonging of the pr interval with a subsequent missed qrs. it is also seen in people who are on bet blocker and digoxin

26
Q

what is the management of ventricular tachy who is stable?

A

iv 300mg amiodarone with later 900mg in 24 hr if they are unstable then go for cardioversion

27
Q

what is the management of aortic stenosis in 80 year old

A

TAVI(transcatheter aortic valve implant) is preferred over surgical valve replacement in 75 year sand aboe

28
Q

treatment of af in a heart failure patient is

A

digoxin

29
Q

what is the HASBLED score cuttoff for anticoag

A

should be less than 3…. hypertension, renal or liver(2), stroke, bleeding episode, labile inr, elderly more than 65 and drugs or alcohol

30
Q

in a young patient whi gets paroxysmal af what is the management ?

A

pill in the pocket strategy- prescribe either flecanide or sotolol

31
Q

In terms of ACS what is the first line anti hypertesnive that should be used

A

iv GTN

32
Q

what are the rules regarding cardioversion in AF for a patient where the symptoms started quite early

A

anti coagulate minimum 3 weeks before the cardioversion and anti coagulate till 4 weeks after the event.

33
Q

In a patient with irregular narrow complex tachycardia.
with a past medical history of asthma.
What is the single most appropriate management at this stage?

A

diltiazem or verapamil…..normaly we use beta blocker.

34
Q

chest pain on exertion in a young man who does cociane is most likely due to

A

coronary artery vasospasm

35
Q

what are the causes of high output cardiac failure?

A

anaemia, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy, thiamine deficiency

36
Q

what kind of ecg would you see in a patient with right ventricular pacing

A

spike before qrs and m shaped pattern in V5.V6
In atrial pacing the pacing spike precedes the P wave.
In ventricular pacing the pacing spike precedes the QRS complex.
In right ventricular pacing the QRS morphology is similar to left bundle branch block.
In left ventricular pacing the QRS morphology is similar to right bundle branch block.
In dual chamber pacing there may be features of atrial pacing, ventricular pacing, or both.

37
Q

what is considered as prolonged qt in woman and man

A

woman >460 and man >440ms

38
Q

eye manifestation of infective endocarditis>

A

roth spots- which is small retinal haemorrhage

39
Q

ABCDEF of the chest xray in chronic heart failure is

A

alveolar edema, b kerley b line, cardiomegaly, diiversion of blood in the upper lobe, pleural effusion and fluid in the horizontal fissure

40
Q

which electrolyte imbalance can give j waves on the ecg?

A

hypercalcemia

41
Q

pulmonary stenosis is seen in which syndrome?

A

noonans

42
Q

in a patient wth heart failure who are on maximum medical therapy and ecg shows wide qrs what could b the management?

A

cardiac resynchronisation therapy device

43
Q

dvla rule regarding implantable defib

A

6months no driving

44
Q

apical to radial pulse delay is seen in

A

AF

45
Q

antidote of beta blocker

A

glucagon

46
Q

what is the first line of management of dresslers syndrome?

A

high dose aspirin

47
Q

pan systolic murmur that radiates to the axilla

A

mitral regurgitation is due to papillary muscle rupture.

48
Q

what i ste management of AF IN acute setting if the af started 3 days ago

A

you try to rate control first

49
Q

in a patient with angina on exercising who has renal impairment what is the imaging that can be used?

A

myocardial perfusion scan or stress echo as the contrast would not be tolerated well.

urology (10 decks)

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