Enrichment in zoos

Question 1

Four goals of modern zoos

Answer 1

Conservation, Education, Entertainment and Research

Question 2

_______ = compromised well-being.

Answer 2

Stereotypic behaviour

Question 3

Five categories of enrichment

Answer 3

Food-based, Physical, Sensory, Social, Cognitive

Question 4

_______ a quantitative representation of proportion of time an animal spends engaged in behaviour or activities - as a guide for “normal behaviour”

Answer 4

Published Activity Budgets

Question 5

A list of behaviours, with operational definitions, observed in a species or group

Answer 5

Ethograms

Question 6

______ - used to investigate how animals use their enclosure or space

Answer 6

Enclosure diagrams

Question 7

______ - used to collect systematic data on behaviour & location

Answer 7

Data collection sheets

Question 8

________ is the most common measure for exploring animal welfare and is widely used in zoo research

Answer 8

Behaviour

Question 9

The repertoire of behaviours that characterise how a particular species behaves in “the wild”

Answer 9

Species-typical behaviour

Question 10

Abnormal or aberrant behaviour - Unusual or rare behaviour that might be
pathological”

Answer 10

Stereotypic behaviour

Question 11

Types of stereotypic behaviour

Answer 11

Examples include:
* Pacing, Head-shaking
* Weaving, Self-mutilation
* Rocking, Feather plucking
* Bar-biting, Tail biting

Question 12

Benefits to measuring behaviour

Answer 12

–Easy to implement
–Inexpensive
–Non-invasive

Question 13

Three levels of familiar (zoo-keeper) contact

Answer 13

• Hands-off (limited interaction)
• Protected (mesh or fence in between)
• Hands-on (in with animal)

Question 14

Study design for same visitors in the zoo

Answer 14

Within groups

Question 15

Study design for different visitors in the zoo

Answer 15

Between groups

Question 16

Most studies rely on ______ visitors for developing valid and reliable measures

Answer 16

Surveying - self report questionnaires and surveys

Question 17

Quantitative behavioural measurements provide evidence of ___________ changes

Answer 17

Behavioural

Question 18

Report findings including ________!

Answer 18

Failures

Question 19

ABAB research design (experiment)

Answer 19

• A1 = Baseline 1 (record behaviour)
• B = Treatment (introduce enrichment & record behaviour)
• A2 = Baseline 2 (remove enrichment & record behaviour)
• B = Treatment (reintroduce enrichment & record behaviour)

Question 20

Assessing how severe or serious stereotypic or ‘abnormal’ behaviour is - 5 questions

Answer 20

1. What is the FORM of the behaviour?
2. What % OF THE DAY is spent engaged in the behaviour?
3. How easily can the animal be DISTRACTED from performing the behaviour?
4. Is there an obvious REASON for the behaviour?
5. Is it really a PROBLEM?

Question 21

Written definitions for every category of behaviour on a
data sheet.

Answer 21

Operational definitions

Question 22

Categories should be _________ of each other. All
behaviours included in a particular category should be
_________ (or the same/similar)

Answer 22

Independent, homogeneous

Question 23

Sampling rule:
* common sampling rule for zoo animal studies
* observe one individual for a specified length of time.

Answer 23

Focal animal sampling

Question 24

Recording rule:
* dividing session into short successive intervals of time
(sample intervals)
* at end of each sample interval (sample point) record
behaviour that is occurring (beeper or timer goes off).

Answer 24

Instantaneous time sampling

Question 25

Spending time informally observing the animals &
practice recording methods

Answer 25

Preliminary observations

Question 26

________ occurs when simply performing a behaviour increases the probability that the behaviour will occur again

Answer 26

Intrinsic reinforcement

Question 27

________ occurs when the performance of behavior results in a consequence that is
external to the behaviour itself and increases the likelihood that the behaviour will recur

Answer 27

Extrinsic reinforcement

Question 28

“Response decrement
as a result of repeated stimulation’’

Answer 28

Habituation

Question 29

______ occurs when reinforcement is no longer provided for a behaviour, resulting in a
decrease in the performance of the behaviour

Answer 29

Extinction