Enquiry Question 3: How successful is the management of tectonic hazards and disasters? Flashcards

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1
Q

In 2014, an energy announcement in Japan said that by 2030, what % of energy could be generated from nuclear power?

A

20-22%

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2
Q

When was the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland?

A

March 2010

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3
Q

How many commercial flights were cancelled across Europe, due to the Icelandic eruption?

A

Over 100,000

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4
Q

Due to the flight disruption African countries like Kenya and Zambia were affected. In total, how much did the African countries lose due to the airspace shutdown?

A

$65 million

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5
Q

In 2015, what was the population of the Philippines?

A

101 million

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6
Q

What are some warning signs (precursors) of an earthquake?

A

a) Characteristic pattern of foreshocks
b) Physical change
c) Chemical change i.e. sulphur release
d) Biological change – animal behaviour

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7
Q

What are some warning signs (precursors) of a volcano?

A

a) Rising magma causing tremors
b) Changes of the shape of the surface
c) Changes to the tilt of the volcano

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8
Q

When does mitigation of a disaster take place?

A

Before and after events

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9
Q

When does preparedness of a disaster take place?

A

Before an event

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10
Q

When does the response of a disaster take place?

A

During an event

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11
Q

When does the recovery of a disaster take place?

A

After an event

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12
Q

What is the name of the model that shows how a country or region might respond after a hazard and is used to directly compare how areas of different levels of development recover?

A

Park Model (hazard-response curve)

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13
Q

What is the name for strategies used to avoid, delay or prevent hazard events?

A

Hazard Mitigation

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14
Q

What is the name for strategies designed to reduce the impacts of hazard events?

A

Hazard Adaption

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15
Q

Land-use zoning is used around which volcano in New Zealand?

A

Mount Taranaki

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16
Q

The diversion of lava flows occurred during which volcanic event?

A

Mount Etna, Italy

17
Q

During what year did this volcanic event take place?

A

1983

18
Q

GIS mapping was used in which country during a disaster in 2015?

A

Nepal

19
Q

The design of earthquake proof buildings built from straw bales held together by strong plastic netting are used in which country?

A

Pakistan

20
Q

The use of Satellite-Communication Technology is uses scientific instruments to transmit data from monitoring equipment on volcanoes or ocean floors for tsunamis. How often is data collected from the sea floor and transmitted to ground stations?

A

Every 15 seconds

21
Q

In 2011, how did the Japanese government used mobile phone technology?

A

They sent out text messages warning of the earthquake.

22
Q

During the Nepal earthquake of 2015, how was data collected from remote locations to create the crisis maps?

A

Volunteers rode bicycles with GPS trackers

23
Q

How many times a year do Japanese children practise earthquake drills?

A

4 times

24
Q

During the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, what did the Moken tribe in Thailand notice, that led to their safety?

A

Unusual movements in the Bay of Bengal

25
Q

As a result of their education, how many of the 200 elders’ died as a result of the tsunami?

A

1

26
Q

‘NGO’ stands for what?

A

Non-government organisation

27
Q

What magnitude of the earthquake in Pakistan on 8th October 2005?

A

7.6

28
Q

How many people died as a result of the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan?

A

73,000, including 17,000 children.

29
Q

What did the NGO’s provide in the 2005 Pakistan earthquake?c

A

a) Over 500,000 tents
b) 6 million blankets
c) Safe water for over 700,000 people

30
Q

After the 2005 Pakistan earthquake, Oxfam helped how many people rebuild their livelihoods by providing livestock and animal feed?

A

Nearly 60,000

31
Q

In what year did the NGO’s in Pakistan move onto the recovery phase?

A

2007

32
Q

In 2011, how much were the worldwide losses from earthquakes?

A

US$54 billion