Enquiry Question 1: Why are some locations more at risk from tectonic hazards?

Question 1

What term is given to earthquakes that occur in middle or interior of tectonic plates are much rarer than boundary earthquakes?

Answer 1

Intra-plate boundries

Question 2

What % of earthquakes are found along plate boundaries?

Answer 2

95%

Question 3

Around what % of all earthquakes are found in the ‘Ring of Fire’ in the Pacific ocean?

Answer 3

70%

Question 4

There are roughly around how many active volcanoes globally?

Answer 4

500

Question 5

What is the term given to the area where volcanoes form away from plate boundaries?

Answer 5

Hotspots

Question 6

Tectonic plates move by how many centimetres each year?

Answer 6

Between 2-15cm

Question 7

The inner core is what temperature?

Answer 7

6000°C

Question 8

How thick is oceanic crust?

Answer 8

6-10km

Question 9

How thick is continental crust?

Answer 9

45-50km

Question 10

The Earth’s magnetic field changes direction every how many years?

Answer 10

400,000

Question 11

How long can mid-ocean ridges extend for?

Answer 11

Over 60,000km

Question 12

What is the name of the famous conservative plate boundary in California?

Answer 12

San Andreas Fault

Question 13

The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred near San Francisco in which year?

Answer 13

1989

Question 14

The 2011 aftershock which struck Christchurch, New Zealand was of what magnitude?

Answer 14

6.3

Question 15

The Icelandic volcanic eruption (Eyjafjallajökull) occurred in which year?

Answer 15

2010

Question 16

Due to the Icelandic eruption, how many commercial flights were cancelled across worldwide?

Answer 16

100,000

Question 17

What was the financial hit to the European economy as a result of the Icelandic Eruption?

Answer 17

US$5 billion

Question 18

There were roughly how many volcanoes that were considered to be active in 2016?

Answer 18

1900

Question 19

Lava flows can reach what temperature?

Answer 19

1170°C

Question 20

Pyroclastic flows are a mixture of what materials?

Answer 20

Dense hot rock, lava, ash and gases.

Question 21

How fast can pyroclastic flows travel?

Answer 21

100 km/h

Question 22

What is the other name given for a jökulhlaup?

Answer 22

Glacial outburst flood

Question 23

Monserrat is part of an island arc in which sea?

Answer 23

Caribbean Sea

Question 24

In which year did the Soufriere Hills Volcano on Monserrat erupt?

Answer 24

1995

Question 25

What was the name of Monserrat’s capital city, which was destroyed in the eruption?

Answer 25

Plymouth

Question 26

Tsunamis occur as a result of what being displaced?

Answer 26

The water column

Question 27

How fast can a tsunami travel?

Answer 27

805km/h

Question 28

The DART system, which can monitor tsunamis, stands for what?

Answer 28

Deep-ocean assessment and reporting of tsunami

Question 29

The Indian Ocean tsunami occurred in which year?

Answer 29

2004

Question 30

The Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by an earthquake of what magnitude?

Answer 30

9.0-9.3

Question 31

The wave which struck Banda Ache was of what height?

Answer 31

17 metres

Question 32

How many people were affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami?

Answer 32

5 million

Question 33

How many people lost their lives in the Indian Ocean tsunami?

Answer 33

Nearly 300,000

Question 34

As a result of the Indian Ocean tsunami, what was the financial cost to Thailand’s tourism industry?

Answer 34

US$25 million

Question 35

In Sumatra, how many metres inland of vegetation and topsoil were removed?

Answer 35

800 metres