Enquiry Question 1: Why are some locations more at risk from tectonic hazards? Flashcards
What term is given to earthquakes that occur in middle or interior of tectonic plates are much rarer than boundary earthquakes?
Intra-plate boundries
What % of earthquakes are found along plate boundaries?
95%
Around what % of all earthquakes are found in the ‘Ring of Fire’ in the Pacific ocean?
70%
There are roughly around how many active volcanoes globally?
500
What is the term given to the area where volcanoes form away from plate boundaries?
Hotspots
Tectonic plates move by how many centimetres each year?
Between 2-15cm
The inner core is what temperature?
6000°C
How thick is oceanic crust?
6-10km
How thick is continental crust?
45-50km
The Earth’s magnetic field changes direction every how many years?
400,000
How long can mid-ocean ridges extend for?
Over 60,000km
What is the name of the famous conservative plate boundary in California?
San Andreas Fault
The Loma Prieta earthquake occurred near San Francisco in which year?
1989
The 2011 aftershock which struck Christchurch, New Zealand was of what magnitude?
6.3
The Icelandic volcanic eruption (Eyjafjallajökull) occurred in which year?
2010
Due to the Icelandic eruption, how many commercial flights were cancelled across worldwide?
100,000
What was the financial hit to the European economy as a result of the Icelandic Eruption?
US$5 billion
There were roughly how many volcanoes that were considered to be active in 2016?
1900
Lava flows can reach what temperature?
1170°C
Pyroclastic flows are a mixture of what materials?
Dense hot rock, lava, ash and gases.
How fast can pyroclastic flows travel?
100 km/h
What is the other name given for a jökulhlaup?
Glacial outburst flood
Monserrat is part of an island arc in which sea?
Caribbean Sea
In which year did the Soufriere Hills Volcano on Monserrat erupt?
1995
What was the name of Monserrat’s capital city, which was destroyed in the eruption?
Plymouth
Tsunamis occur as a result of what being displaced?
The water column
How fast can a tsunami travel?
805km/h
The DART system, which can monitor tsunamis, stands for what?
Deep-ocean assessment and reporting of tsunami
The Indian Ocean tsunami occurred in which year?
2004
The Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by an earthquake of what magnitude?
9.0-9.3
The wave which struck Banda Ache was of what height?
17 metres
How many people were affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami?
5 million
How many people lost their lives in the Indian Ocean tsunami?
Nearly 300,000
As a result of the Indian Ocean tsunami, what was the financial cost to Thailand’s tourism industry?
US$25 million
In Sumatra, how many metres inland of vegetation and topsoil were removed?
800 metres
