Enquiry Question 3: How are the water and carbon cycles linked to the global climate system? Flashcards
What % of rainforest has Indonesia lost in the past 25 years?
25%
What % of temperature forests were deforested by the 19th century?
90%
How many hectares of land are deforested annually?
13 million ha
What % of deforestation occurs because of soy, palm oil, beef and paper production?
50%
What are the two methods used for deforestation?
Clear cutting and slash and burn
What are the three reasons for increasing deforestation rates in Madagascar?
Expanding population; demand for hardwoods and debt repayments
Madagascar is the world’s primary supplier of what commodity?
Vanilla pods
How long is China’s Three-North Shelterbelt Project?
4,500km
What is the purpose of China’s Three-North Shelterbelt Project?
To reduce desertification.
When did the biofuel rush occur in the American Midwest?
2007 - 2015
How many hectares of natural grassland disappeared because of the American Midwest fuel rush?
5.5 million
What % of the earth’s land area shifts to a new climate from a warming of 2˚C?
5%
The Amazon Basin is responsible for what % of the total terrestrial vegetation carbon store?
17%
In the 2005 droughts, how much CO2 was released from the Amazon Basin?
5 billion tonnes
In the 2010 droughts, how much CO2 was released from the Amazon Basin?
8 billion tonnes
How much palm oil is produced annually in Indonesia?
66 million tonnes
Which country did Indonesia overtake in 2015 in terms of GHG emissions?
USA
Roughly how many formal and informal jobs are provided from forests globally?
13.2 million formal; 41 million informal.
How much money did Indonesia’s ‘forest moratorium’ from the UN and Norwegian government
$1 billion.
What % of UK land was forested in 2016?
13%
How much more acidic are our oceans compared to 1750?
30%
What is the ideal water temperature range for coral?
23-29˚C
What gives coral its colour?
Algae
How big is the Great Barrier Reef?
1,400 miles
How many mass bleaching events have occurred on the Great Barrier reef between 2015 and 2020?
3
What % of marine species do coral reefs shelter?
25%
In the past few decades how much faster has the average Arctic temperatures risen compared to the global average?
Twice as fast
In Yukon, what was the % of the total ice area that shrank between 1958 and 2008?
22%
Inflows to the river Yukon has increased by what % since 2000?
39%
How much carbon do mangroves sequester per hectare, per year?
1.5 tonnes
What % of global mangrove forests has been lost since 1950?
50%
A 4˚C warming causes a loss of what % from soil organic carbon of: shallow peat; deep peat.
Shallow peat – 40%
Deep peat: 86%
In what year was the Paris Climate Agreement adopted?
2016
How many countries agreed to the Paris Climate Agreement?
195
In what year was the Kyoto Protocol adopted?
1997
