enlightenment and revolutions quiz Flashcards
what were the series of revolutions called
the atlantic revolutions
Colonial subjects in the Americas led a series of rebellions inspired by
decocratic ideals
what was: its successful establishment of a republic, the United States of America, was a model and inspiration for a number of the revolutions that followed
american revolution
what movements facilitated the emergence of independent states in the Americas.
The American Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and the Latin American independence movements
The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers, influenced
esistance to existing political authority, often in pursuit of independence and democratic ideals.
Reflected in revolutionary documents including:
The American Declaration of Independence during the American Revolution
The French “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” during the French Revolution
Bolívar’s “Letter from Jamaica” on the eve of the Latin American revolutions
Atlantic Basin
The World Center of intellectual and cultural exchange
Shared a set of common ideas:
Ideas animating the Atlantic revolutions Derived from the European Enlightenment
Launched via the “Declaration of Independence” in 1776
amercian revolution
what was the movement of the american revolution ment to do
It was a movement to preserve the existing liberties of the colonies rather than create new ones.
wahat things caused the americns to start their revoltution
Britain needed money after its war with France which ran up their national debt
British authorities looked to make up these losses in the American colonies through the use of taxes and tariffs
Britain was exercising its imperial power without offering the American colonies representation in the British parliament
American colonists were upset & armed with ideas of the Enlightenment (popular sovereignty, natural rights, consent of the governed) – they went to war
By 1781 they had prevailed with help from the French (who were ironically still a monarchy themselves)
causes for french revolution
French soldiers returned from assisting America full of republican enthusiasm
France was also bankrupt from assisting the Americans in their war against Britain
King Louis XVI (not to be confused with Louis XIV – the Sun King) – knew there needed to be tax reform so he called the Estates General which contained representatives from the three “estates” or legal orders
Three estates = the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners
First two estates = 2% of the population, everyone else fell into the “commoners” category
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
meaning
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen which declared that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights.”
what drove the french revolution
sharp conflic in society
what was the resaults from the causes for the french revolution
These gave the French Revolution a much more violent, far-fetching, and radical character than the American Revolution
reign of terror
Tens of thousands deemed enemies of the revolution lost their lives on the guillotine
Eventually Robespierre himself was arrested and guillotined, accused of leading France into tyranny and dictatorship
diff in french rev to american rev
French Revolution also differed from the American Revolution in the way its influence spread
U.S. became a world power at the end of the 19th century
France spread through conquest under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte (1799-1814)
Napoleon is credited with taming the revolution
Napoleon preserved many of the more moderate elements such as civil equality, secular law code, religious freedom, and promotion by merit
He kept the revolution’s emphasis on social equality but dispensed with liberty
Created Europe’s largest empire seen since the Roman Empire
Napoleon was eventually brought down by resistance from Russia and Britain
what was wanted by different poeple in the haitian revolution
Principles of the revolution meant different things to different people:
grand blancs (rich white landowners) wanted greater autonomy for the colony and fewer economic restrictions
petits blancs sought equality of citizenship for all whites
Both groups were adamantly opposed to the insistence of free people of color that the “rights of man” meant equal treatment for all free people regardless of race
what was the cause of the haintian revolution
In 1791, triggered by rumors that the French king had already declared an end to slavery, slaves burned 1,000 plantations and killed hundreds of whites as well as mixed-race people
Warring factions of slaves, whites, and free people of color battled one another
Slaves were led by Toussaint Louverture – himself a former slave
TL and his successor overcame internal resistance and defeated an attempt by Napoleon to reestablish French control
what shaped the latin american revolutions
Revolutions were shaped by events in North America, France, and Haiti
what was the cause for latin american revolutions
Revolution occurred after North American revolutions b/c settlers in Spanish colonies had no tradition of self-government such as that in North America
Society was far more divided by class
Whites were outnumbered by Native Americans, people of African descent, and those of mixed race
All of this inhibited the growth of a movement for independence
Instability caused by Napoleon’s invasion of Spain and Portugal forced Latin Americans to take action (Spanish king was deposed and the Portuguese royal family was exiled in Brazil)
why did the latin amrican revoltions take so long
Revolutions lasted twice as long because Latin American societies were so divided by class, race, and religion.
