Enlightenment

Question 1

Enlightenment

Answer 1

a political and philosophical movement since the scientific revolution affected views on government. Began by discussing the role of government

Question 2

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 2

believed that people are intimately bad. Wrote Leviathan. Said that monarchs should have autocratic rule over people. Rulers keep people in line, control. Absolute monarchs.

Question 3

Leviathan

Answer 3

a mythical seamonster created by Hobbes. Hobbes used this image as a king that people needed to control them. Social Contrast- He receives power and he gives order and peace.

Question 4

Hobbes & Monarchs

Answer 4

Hobbes felt that all people enter into a social contract with monarchs. If people give monarch power, monarch gives people order and peace.
Believed in divine right.

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

(french philosopher) believed that people are good. Believed that when you are born, you have natural rights. Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. Advocated ‘consent of the governed’- government must have the consent of the people before passing laws. Said that God favored natural rights.

Question 6

Locke & Declaration of Independence

Answer 6

Locke’s ideas won. Declaration of Indepenence (consent of government). French revolution (can overthrow governemtn).

Question 7

Voltaire

Answer 7

“I disapprove of what you say, but I defend your right to say it.” HATED the church. Believed Church & State & Monarchy & Aristrocracy to be corrupt nobilitiy. Thought that there should be no titles of Nobility.

Question 8

Montesquieu

Answer 8

• believed in separation of powers

Question 9

Beccaria

Answer 9

• no torture of prisoners, #8, Speedy Trials

Question 10

Wollstonecraft

Answer 10

female! First feminist, promoted equal education for women.

Question 11

Salon Meeting

Answer 11

a social gathering

listened to a poem, music, discussions of art & polictcs.

Question 12

Madame Geoffrin

Answer 12

• famous salon host

Question 13

Fredrick II of Prussia

Answer 13

• enlightened despot
  
  • believed he was the “first servant to the state.”
  • Read Voltaire
  • Dressed plain
  • Forbade torture
  • Improved literacy

Question 14

Other enlightened despots

Answer 14

Joseph II of Austria, Catherine of Russia

Question 15

Who thought of Natural Rights- Life, Liberty, Property and what was its impact?

Answer 15

John Locke and impact: Fundamental to U.S Declaration of Independence

Question 16

Who thought of Separation of powers and what was its impact?

Answer 16

Montesquieu and impact: France, United States, and Latin American nations use separation of powers in new constitution

Question 17

Who thought of Freedom of thought and expression and its impact?

Answer 17

Voltaire and impact: Guaranteed in U.S Bill of Rights and French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen; European monarchs reduce or eliminate censorship

Question 18

Who thought of Abolishment of torture and its impact?

Answer 18

Beccaria and impact: Guaranteed in U.S Bill of Rights; torture outlawed or reduced in nations of Europe and the Americas

Question 19

Who thought of Religious freedom and it’s impact?

Answer 19

Voltaire and impact: Guaranteed in U.S Bill of Rights and French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen; European monarchs reduce persecution

Question 20

Who thought Women’s equality and its impact?

Answer 20

Wollstonecraft and impact: Women’s right groups form in Europe and North America.

Question 21

How did Scientific lead up to Enlightenment?

Answer 21

Scientific Revolution ->
Telescope-> Proved Aristole Wrong ->
People started questioning science ->
People started questioning government
Enlightment