Enlightenment

Question 1

What type of government was used before the Enlightenment?

Answer 1

Monarchy

Question 2

What is Divine Right?

Answer 2

The idea that kings were ruling because it was God’s will

Question 3

What institution was even more powerful than the royalty during the Dark Ages?

Answer 3

Catholic church

Question 4

Before the Scientific Revolution, where did most knowledge come from?

Answer 4

Before the Scientific Revolution, all knowledge came from the Bible, Catholic Church, or the ancient Greeks.

Question 5

How did we gather knowledge after the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 5

After the Scientific Revolution, we gained knowledge by testing theories and gathering data.

Question 6

Give four examples of knowledge we learned during the Scientific Revolution.

Answer 6

The earth isn’t the center of the universe (heliocentric)

Question 7

How did the Church respond to the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 7

Because they went against official church teachings, any science that the church didn’t agree with was criticized, tortured, or killed.

Question 8

What is the Enlightenment?

Answer 8

The enlightenment is a time period of immense change. It contained an explosion of ideas that focused on individual happiness and rights through logic and reason.

Question 9

What are the three largest effects of the Enlightenment?

Answer 9

Less religious outlook
Belief in Progress
Importance on the Individuals

Question 10

What undermined the power and influence of the Catholic Church?

Answer 10

Scientific Advances

Question 11

During the Dark Ages, whose happiness was the most important? Afterwards?

Answer 11

Kings and Queens, The common people

Question 12

What is the social contract?

Answer 12

An agreement between the citizens and the government to follow rules in return for safety

Question 13

What are the three Natural Rights?Be able to explain each one.

Answer 13

Life
Liberty
Property

Question 14

According to John Locke, what is a government’s main concern?

Answer 14

To protect the natural rights of its citizens

Question 15

What different ideas were there about how to set up a government during the Enlightenment?

Answer 15

1. Voltaire – Democracy needed to have freedom of thought, expression, and religion
2. Montesquieu – separation of powers
3. Beccaria - Believed in ending capital punishment and torture. And argued that everyone has a right to a fast and fair trial in front of a jury

Question 16

John Locke -

Answer 16

Natural rights, government’s duty is to protect those rights

Question 17

Thomas Hobbes -

Answer 17

People are wicked and need a strong king to keep order

Question 18

Voltaire -

Answer 18

Freedom of thought, expression, and religions

Question 19

Montesquieu

Answer 19

separation of powers in government

Question 20

Rousseau -

Answer 20

Democracy is important for the citizens to buy in to the government

Question 21

Beccaria -

Answer 21

Wrote about fair legal practices

Question 22

Adam Smith

Answer 22

Capitalism, people don’t need to have the government tell them how to deal with money