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Analysis of Urine and Body Fluids > ENHANCEMENT CLASS LEC: URINE AND OTHER BODY FLUID > Flashcards

ENHANCEMENT CLASS LEC: URINE AND OTHER BODY FLUID Flashcards

1
Q

A liquid tissue biopsy of the urinary tract

A

URINE

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2
Q

Painlessly obtained (EASY)

A

URINE

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3
Q

Yields a great deal of information quickly and economically

A

URINE

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4
Q

Tests need to be carefully performed and properly controlled

A

URINE

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5
Q

Kidney receives :

A

25% of total cardiac output

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6
Q

Total renal blood flow:

A

1200 ml/min

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7
Q

Total renal plasma flow:

A

600-700 ml/min

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8
Q

URINE consist of _____and other organic (35%) and inorganic (25g)

A

urea

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9
Q

Urine is normally _________

A

95% water and 5% solutes

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10
Q

is the metabolic waste product produced in the liver from the breakdown of protein and amino acids

A

UREA

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11
Q

Other organic substances of urine:

A

CREATININE
URIC ACID

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12
Q

MAJOR INORGANIC substances of urine:

A

CHLORIDE

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13
Q

The major inorganic solid dissolved in urine

A

CHLORIDE

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14
Q

OTHER INORGANIC SUBSTANCES OF URINE

A

SODIUM
POTASSIUM

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15
Q

Other substances found in urine include

A

hormones, vitamins and medications.

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16
Q

URINE MAY ALSO CONTAIN FORMED ELEMENTS :

A

cells, casts, crystals, mucus and bacteria (increase amount is often indicative of disease)

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17
Q

____ is major body constituent

A

Water

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18
Q

main determinant of urine volume

A

Water

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19
Q

Normal range of urine (24hrs)

A

600-2000 mL

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20
Q

Average range of urine (24hrs)

A

1200-1500 mL

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21
Q

Night urine generally is not in excess of ______.

A

400 mL

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22
Q

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE URINE VOLUME:

A

fluid intake
fluid loss
variations in secretions of ADH

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23
Q

Decrease urine output
<400 mL/day
Causes: Dehydration

A

OLIGURIA

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24
Q

Increase in daily urine volume
>2.5/day in adults
>2.5-3 mL/kg/day in children
Causes: DM, DI, DIURETICS

A

POLYURIA

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25
Q

Complete CESSATION of urine flow
<100 mL/24hrs
Causes: serious damage to the kidneys

A

ANURIA

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26
Q

Increase in the nocturnal excretion of the urine.

27
Q

Specimens must be collected in clean, dry, leak-proof containers. What mL?

28
Q

Allow ____ specimen needed for microscopic analysis

29
Q

Unacceptable Situations:

A
  1. Specimens in unlabeled containers
  2. Nonmatching labels and requisition forms
  3. Specimens contaminated with feces or toilet paper
  4. Containers with contaminated exteriors
  5. Specimens of insufficient quantity
  6. Specimens that have been improperly transported
30
Q

Specimens should be delivered to the laboratory promptly and tested _________.

A

within 2 HOURS

31
Q

A specimen that cannot be delivered and tested within 2 hours should be ___

A

refrigerated

32
Q

most routinely used method for preservation.

A

REFRIGERATION (2°C - 8°C)

33
Q

refrigerated during until cultured up to 24 hours

34
Q

should be bactericidal, inhibit urease, and preserve formed elements and the sediment.

A

TRANSPORT TUBES

35
Q

Semen Composition:

A

Spermatozoa
Seminal fluid
Prostate fluid
Bulbourethral glands

36
Q

Spermatozoa percent

37
Q

Produced in seminiferous tubules in the testis & matures in the epididymis

A

Spermatozoa

38
Q

Seminal fluid percent

39
Q

provides nutrients for the sperm (fructose: essential for the movement of the sperm.)

A

Seminal fluid

40
Q

Prostate fluid percent

41
Q

Acidic; has enzymes that are important for liquefaction and coagulation.

A

Prostate fluid

42
Q

Bulbourethral glands percent

43
Q

It is produced in the choroid plexuses of the two lumbar ventricles; the 3rd & 4th ventricles

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

43
Q

Neutralize the acidity of the semen

A

Bulbourethral glands

44
Q

Fluid between the membranes that provides lubrication between the parietal and visceral membrane

A

SEROUS FLUID

45
Q

NEEDLE ASPIRATION:

A

Thoracentesis (pleural)
Pericardiocentesis (pericardial)
Paracentesis (peritoneal)

46
Q

lies in respiratory system

A

Thoracentesis (pleural)

47
Q

lies the parietal and visceral membrane of heart

A

Pericardiocentesis (pericardial)

48
Q

Flows between the linings of the parietal and visceral membrane of the abdominal organs

A

Paracentesis (peritoneal)

49
Q

Often referred to as “joint fluid”

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID

50
Q

Formed as ultrafiltrate of plasma across the synovial membrane

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID

51
Q

The synovial membrane contains specialized cells called

A

SYNOVIOCYTES

52
Q

Sac called the ___, which surrounds the fetus, contains amniotic fluid.

53
Q

Protects the fetus by acting as a cushion, allowing movement stabilizing temperature to guard against excessive temperature swings, and enabling healthy lung development

A

AMNIOTIC FLUID

54
Q

____of amniotic fluid come from maternal blood

55
Q

AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR
Colorless :

56
Q

AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR
Blood-streaked :

A

Traumatic tap, abdominal trauma

57
Q

AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR
Yellow :

A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

58
Q

FECAL ANALYSIS
MACROSCOPIC
Quantity :

A

100 - 200g per day

59
Q

AMNIOTIC FLUID COLOR
Dark green:

A

Meconium
Fetal death

60
Q

FECAL ANALYSIS
MACROSCOPIC
Color :

61
Q

FECAL ANALYSIS
MACROSCOPIC
Odor :

A

indole and catole

62
Q

found in watery stools.

A

TROPHOZOITES

63
Q

found in formed stools.

Analysis of Urine and Body Fluids (5 decks)

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