EngLit Flashcards
When did pre-Romanticism start?
1790s - Coleridge and Wordsworth
What was the cult of Celtic folklore and myth called?
Ossianism
Ossian - a bard
What did Coleridge and Wordsworth write together?
Lyrical Ballads
= contrast
(does X doesn’t concentrate on a single moment)
What does pantheism mean?
personifying nature, everything in nature is alive (and God) → source of happiness
Who was considered the Scottish national poet?
Robert Burns
collected songs and poems
Who had visions all his life?
William Blake
What were the ideas of the youngest Romanticists?
freedom, beauty and love, social/political justice
Who wrote Cain: A Mystery?
Byron
Cain considered the first true revolutionary
Who was convicted that the world, nature and man are developing to higher forms?
Shelley
What aimed to create a beautiful world of imagination? + author
aestheticism
Keats
What genre did Romantic fiction use?
the novel of manners
- concern over oppresive burgeois values
Why is Jane Austen unique?
she bridges the gap between 18th and 19th century
- anti-romantic - love’s disruptive nature
Who sacrified quality to quantity? (wrote about patriotism, joy of battle)
Walter Scott
What rule does Gothic Novel resist?
the rule of reason
- subconscious, socially defiant
What paralels can be found in Frankenstein?
Prometheus X modern experiment
Monster X Adam
- lonely artificial man
What was the dominant form during The Victorian Age? + period
realist novel
(1830 - 1880)
Between what did Dickens oscillate?
between realism and the grotesque
Who wrote about how the government work and how political power changes people?
Anthony Trollope
Who wrote in the nonsense genre?
Lewis Carrol and Edward Lear
The three Brontë sisters?
Anne (youngest)
Charlotte - Jane Eyre
Emily - Wuthering Heights
Who was a moral novelist?
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
- unconventional life
Who was the spokesperson of Victorian Poetry?
Alfred Tennyson
- used myth as a means of exploring moral issues
What were the features of modern poetry and who used it?
Robert Browning
- anti-romantic
- slangy and informal language
- complex expressions, little-known words
- self-mockery
A poet held in the highest critical esteem (Victorian Poetry)?
Elizabeth Browning
Who spread the artistic into the everyday?
William Morris
- beautifying wall-paper, book-binding, printing, painting
Who was the most accomplished of the pre-Raphaelites?
Christina Rossetti
- preaches Christian morality
How do we call the preoccupation with the end of the century phase?
phase fin de siecle
(Late Victorian Literature)
Who preached Art for Art’s sake?
Walter Pater
- it’s one’s duty to cultivate pleasure in natural and created beauty
What was the new rhytmical system in Late Victorian Poetry and who created it?
Gerard Hopkins
- a sprung system (similar to Old English Literature)
Who was behind the Irish Literary Revival?
William Yeats
Who had a great impact on English theatre?
Henrik Ibsen
- shocked the audience
What was the crude kind of drama?
- played in large theatres
- only the most grotesque facial expressions could be seen and the loudest speeches could be heard
- mostly melodramas
What did Shaw try to do with his plays?
- tried to make audiences examine their conscience and conventional beliefs
(problem plays - prostitution etc.)
What did Late Victorian Fiction focus on?
- fictional romances
How did Hardy and James depart from the Victorian fiction?
- characters strive to get reintegrated within the society
- they became alienated and never reintegrated
Who wrote psychological realism?
Henry James
Who wrote romance directed at the future?
H. G. Wells
- apocalyptic and pessimistic fiction
