English Y08 Spr1 Flashcards
1.1 identity
the fact of being who or what a person or thing is - the word traces back to the Latin idem and identitas, meaning the quality of being identical.
1.2 prejudice
any preconceived opinion or feeling, either favourable or unfavourable but especially of a hostile nature, regarding an ethnic, racial, social, or religious group - the word traces back to the Latin prae meaning in advance and judicium meaning judgement.
1.3 outsider
a person not belonging to a particular group, set, party, etc. - the word is linked to external which traces back to the Latin exterus meaning on the outside, outward, outer, of another country, foreign.
1.4 Culture
the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society - the word traces back to the Latin cultura meaning which means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture.
2.1 S- structure
How has the poem been organised? Is there any rhyming? What can you say about the use of punctuation?
2.2 M- meaning
What is the poem all about? Who is the speaker? What message do they want to share?
2.3 I- imagery
What are the images/pictures that appear in your mind when you read the poem?
2.4 L- language
What words or phrases have been used for effect? What kind of words are they?
2.5 E- effect
What impact does the poem have on you? What should it make you think or feel?
3.1 The British Empire
all the countries which were once ruled by the British under the policy of colonialism. In 1982 Britain lost Hong Kong, its last major colony. Even though the Empire has broken down, it has an impact on the politics of the world today and the identity and language of many who live in England or its former colonies.
3.2 colonialism:
the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
3.3 The Windrush Generation
Caribbean migrants arriving on HMS Windrush in 1948 after WW2, which marked the beginning of post-war migration.
3.4 apartheid:
a system of institutionalised racial segregation discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1991.
3.5 segregation:
the action or state of setting someone or something apart from others - usually linked to skin colour or gender.
4.1 metaphor (MET-a-for)
A metaphor is a figure of speech, where something is described as being something else, or as something that it can’t be.
4.2 simile (SI-mil-ie)
Similes are figures of speech, where one thing thing is compared to another using “like” or “as”.
4.3 onomatopoeia (on-o-mat-o-PEE-a)
Onomatopoeia is words that sound like the noise that they describe.
4.4 personification (Per-son-i-fi-CA-shun)
Personification is a figure of speech which gives human qualities to inanimate objects or animals.
4.5 imagery (I-ma-gery)
Imagery is words that a writer uses to create strong pictures in the reader’s mind.
4.6 stanza (STAN-za)
A stanza is a verse of poetry.
4.7 enjambment (En-JAM-be-ment)
where a sentence runs over a number of lines
4.8 structure (STRUC-ture)
Structure means the way a poem is organised.
4.9 volta (VOL-ta)
A volta is a moment in a poem where the feeling of the poem changes or the poem takes an unexpected direction. It’s also known as the poem’s turning point.
4.10 rhyme (rime)
Rhyme is the way words or parts of words sound, usually they end with the same sound.
4.11 syllable (SILL-a-bull)
Syllables are the units of sounds in a word.
5.1 free verse
Free verse poetry is poetry that lacks a consistent rhyme scheme, metrical pattern, or musical form.
5.2 epics
An epic poem is a lengthy, narrative work of poetry. These long poems typically detail extraordinary feats and adventures of characters from a distant past.
5.3 narrative poetry
Similar to an epic, a narrative poem tells a story; it’s just not as long.
5.4 haiku. (HAY-koo)
A haiku is a three-line poetic form originating in Japan. The first line has five syllables, the second line has seven syllables, and the third line again has five syllables.
5.5 sonnet
A sonnet is a 14 line poem, typically (but not exclusively) concerning the topic of love. Sonnets contain internal rhymes within their 14 lines; the exact rhyme scheme depends on the style of a sonnet, Petrarchan or Shakespearean.
5.6 elegy (EL-e-gee)
An elegy is a poem that reflects upon death or loss. Traditionally, it contains themes of mourning, loss, and reflection.
5.7 limerick
A limerick is a five-line poem that consists of a single stanza, an AABBA rhyme scheme, and whose subject is a short, pithy tale or description.
5.8 ballad
A ballad is a form of narrative verse that can be either poetic or musical. It typically follows a pattern of rhymed quatrains. It represents a melodious form of storytelling.
5.9 dramatic monologue
A poem in which an imagined speaker addresses a silent listener, usually not the reader, expressing inner thoughts that an audience might not otherwise know.
6.1 Introduction
Welcome your audience and introduce yourself
6.2 Conclusion
Engage the audience at the end by giving them the chance to ask any questions.
6.3 I am talking to you today…
State your aims and purpose clearly
6.4 Audience
Who are you delivering to? Change your language choices dependent on who you’re talking to.
6.5 Tone
The aim is to sound knowledgeable but remain friendly and engaging.
6.6 contrast
This is a comparison of two things intended to highlight one of them because of the contrast.
6.7 criticising the opposition
Mention all of the alternative arguments or the alternative products and explain their downfalls.
6.8 hyperbole
Exaggerating for a purpose – it is not meant to be taken literally and it’s used to emphasise a point.
6.9 imperative
Commands used to push a reader into thinking that the need to agree or is urgent: ‘consider the plight of…’ or ‘forget your previous ideas about…’.
6.10 humour
This works in two ways. The reader will usually appreciate humour, so it will make them more likely to be on the side of the writer. Also, the reader will remember what made them laugh, so it will make the message in the text even more memorable.
6.11 power of three
a writing principle that suggests that a trio of descriptions, or events is more satisfying, effective or easy to remember
6.12 emotive language
when certain word choices are made to evoke an emotional response.
6.13 rhetorical questions
a question asked to make a point, rather than get an answer.
6.14 statistics and facts
the use of numerical data (statistics), or information that can be proven to be true (facts)
6.15 undermine opposing views
you evaluate the merits of your point and any evidence against it – this shows you’re willing to engage with other points of view, and rather than undermining your argument, it serves to strengthen it.
6.16 anecdotes
a short amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person- used to support your point.
6.17 direct address
a speaker or writer communicates a message directly to another individual or group of individuals - the person(s) being addressed may be identified by name, nickname, the pronoun you, or an expression that’s either friendly or unfriendly.
6.18 exaggeration
a statement that represents something as better or worse than it really is.
6.19 say it again (Repetition)
intentionally using a word or phrase for effect, two or more times in a speech or written work.
