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Dan's Files > English Grammar > Flashcards

English Grammar Flashcards

0
Q

What does each subject area have?

A

It’s own way of using language.

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1
Q

What lies at the heart of what we do with language?

A

Meaning and shared meaning.

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2
Q

What actually is gossip?

A

The means by which people keep in touch with the values of their community.

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3
Q

What is a concrete noun?

A

Anything we can taste, touch, see, smell or hear. Anything that can be physically experienced by the senses.

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of Concrete nouns?

A

Common and proper

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5
Q

What is a proper noun?

A

They refer to a specific person, thing or place. They need a capital letter!

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6
Q

What is a common noun?

A

They refer to a kind of person, thing or place. Don’t need capital letters!

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7
Q

What is a collective noun?

A

Refers to a group of objects - team, flock. They are singular!

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8
Q

What is an abstract noun?

A

Cannot be physically experienced by the senses. Action, quality, feeling or idea.

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9
Q

A noun is a -

A

Naming word

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10
Q

A plural noun refers to -

A

More than one person or thing

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11
Q

A singular noun refers to

A

Just one person or thing

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12
Q

What is a verb?

A

Doing word

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13
Q

Without a verb -

A

A sentence does not make sense.

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14
Q

What sort of verb does a sentence need to make sense?

A

A working verb -
Alex to hear the instructions.
Alex heard the instructions.

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15
Q

What is ‘the infinitive’?

A

The base form of a verb.
To run
To hear

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16
Q

What does a sentence need in order to make sense?

A

A subject as well as a working verb.

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17
Q

What is the subject of the sentence?

A

The who or the what

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18
Q

A singular subject must have -

A

A singular verb

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19
Q

A plural subject must have a

A

Plural verb

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20
Q

What is the object of the verb?

A

‘Whom’ in - ‘who’ did ‘what’ to ‘whom’?

SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

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21
Q

What is an intransitive verb?

A

A verb that only needs a subject (no object needed)

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22
Q

Some verbs must have an object because they don’t make sense without one. What are these called?

A

Transitive verbs

Sue collects postage stamps - for example

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23
Q

Many verbs can be both -

A

Transitive and intransitive

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24
Q

What are the verb tenses?

A

Past, Present and future

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25
Q

Do verbs always have to be one word?

A

No - the can be streams of words known as phrasal verbs.

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26
Q

What do adjectives do?

A

Modify or describe nouns or pronouns

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27
Q

What are the 4 forms of adjectives?

A

Basic
Participle
Comparative
Superlative

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28
Q

What is a basic adjective?

A

Used to add more information - opinion or fact.

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29
Q

What is a participle adjective?

A

End in -ed to describe a quality: bored at school.

End in -ing to describe a feeling: boy found school boring.

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30
Q

Order of multiple adjectives?

A

Opinion adjectives precede factual adjectives!

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31
Q

What are comparative adjectives?

A

Compare two things.

Add -er or -ier

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32
Q

What are superlative adjectives?

A

Compare more than two things.

Add -est or -iest

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33
Q

What is the main function of conjunctions?

A

Link words, phrases and clauses.

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34
Q

Coordinating Conjunctions?

A

Join equal sentence elements.

FANBOYS

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35
Q

Conjunctive adverbs?

A

Join independent clauses together and demonstrate relationships

Consequently, in other words, otherwise, finally etc

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36
Q

When do you use a ; (semicolon)?

A

Before the conjunctive adverb and a comma afterwards.

The main cause was overcrowding; furthermore, the inquiry found this was not the first incident of this kind.

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37
Q

Subordinating conjunctions?

A

Make one clause dependent on the other.

After, although, as, because, how, until etc

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38
Q

When the dependent clause is first what needs to happen?

A

A comma needs to be used.

While the narrative suggests a level of imperial complacency, it is well-documented that Kipling’s personal opinions were ambivalent.

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39
Q

Correlative conjunctions?

A

Join equivalent or parallel elements.

Both…and, either…or, not only…but also, whether…or etc

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40
Q

What does a preposition do?

A

Demonstrates relationship of object to sentence.

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41
Q

What does a prepositional phrase do?

A

Function as an adjective or adverb.

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42
Q

What are determiners?

A

They show what a noun refers to.

They make a general reference specific.

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43
Q

Definite article =

Indefinite article =

A

The

A or An

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44
Q

Determiners usually come before -

A

A noun

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45
Q

Determiners include -

A

Articles
Adjectives (possessive - his my its) (demonstrative - this those whichever) (quantifying - any all both)
Numerals and Ordinal Numbers

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46
Q

Affects VS Effects?

A

Affects is a verb

Effects is a plural noun

47
Q

What is the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs?

A

Transitive takes one or more objects.

Intransitive does not have objects.

48
Q

What is a participle?

A

A form of a verb used in a sentence to modify a noun or noun phrase.

49
Q

What verb tense?

Has/have

A

Perfect

50
Q

What verb tense?

Had

A

Past perfect

51
Q

What verb tense?

-ing

A

Continuous

52
Q

What verb tense?

Will

A

Future

53
Q

Nouns name …

A

All things, including things we can’t physically experience with the senses.

54
Q

There are rules for using nouns as…

A

singulars and plurals, and none of these rules includes the use of the apostrophe.

55
Q

Nouns are both the…

A

Subject and object of sentences.

56
Q

What is wrong with saying the 1980’s?

A

Should be 1980s. Possessive apostrophe should not be used.

57
Q

What does a pronoun do?

A

It substitutes for a noun.

58
Q

Who VS Whom

A

He VS Him

59
Q

What adjectives are determiners?

A

possessive - his my its

demonstrative - this those whichever quantifying - any all both

60
Q

What functions as an adjective or an adverb?

A

Prepositional phrase

61
Q

Flock, herd, group

A

Collective nouns

62
Q

FANBOYS =

A

Coordinating conjunctions

62
Q

What are the 8 parts of speech?

A 
NVAAAPPC
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Articles
Pronouns
Prepositions
Connectives
62
Q

What are we supposed to call conjunctions now?

A

Connectives

63
Q

What are the 3 types of pronouns?

A

Personal
Possessive
Interrogative

64
Q

What’s the rule for making a word ending in f into its plural form?

A

Change the f to v and add es.

Self turns into selves

65
Q

1st person singular - subject

A

I

66
Q

1st person singular - object

A

Me

67
Q

1st person plural - subject

A

We

68
Q

1st person plural - object

A

Us

69
Q

2nd person
Singular + Plural
Subject + object

A

You

Youse is not a word!!!

70
Q

3rd person singular - subject

A

He/she/it

71
Q

3rd person singular - object

A

Him/her/it

72
Q

3rd person plural - subject

A

They

73
Q

3rd person plural - object

A

Them

74
Q 
Change to emphatic pronouns
We or us
You or your
They or them
Thee
She or her
He or him
It
A 
Ourselves
Yourselves
Themselves
Thyself
Herself
Himself
Itself
75
Q

Which is correct?
Us (three) will do it.
We (three) will do it.

A

We three will do it.

76
Q

Which is correct?
You are a better student than me (am).
You are a better student than I (am).

A

The bottom one!

77
Q

Possessive pronouns

A

Never have apostrophes!!!

Yours/his/theirs/hers

78
Q

Everyone actors or actresses and actors?

A

Everyone actors cos we don’t use sexist language anymore.

79
Q

When we have a vague reference, such as a person, we use they, their and them - 3rd person plural form of the possessive pronoun.

A

If a person wants to change THEIR mind THEY have every right to do so if it suits THEM.

80
Q

Who, whom and what are …

A

Interrogative pronouns

81
Q

To avoid sexism mankind should be…

A

Humankind

82
Q

Pronouns always refer to a…

A

Noun

83
Q

I

A

1st person singular - subject

84
Q

Me

A

1st person singular - object

85
Q

We

A

1st person plural - subject

86
Q

Us

A

1st person plural - object

87
Q

You

A

2nd person
You remains the same in singular and plural forms. That does not stop people from saying youse, but they are quite incorrect when they do this.

88
Q

He/she/it

A

3rd person singular - subject

89
Q

Him/her/it

A

3rd person singular - object

90
Q

They

A

3rd person plural - subject

91
Q

Them

A

3rd person plural - object

92
Q

What are the two uses of the apostrophe.

A

1 - to form contractions

2 - to show possession in a noun

96
Q

Apostrophe showing possession -

The apostrophe must not interfere with …

A

The spelling of a noun.

It is a punctuation mark added after the original form of the noun.

97
Q

They refer to a kind of person, thing or place. Don’t need capital letters!

A

What is a common noun?

98
Q

They refer to a specific person, thing or place. They need a capital letter!

A

What is a proper noun?

99
Q

Refers to a group of objects - team, flock. They are singular!

A

What is a collective noun?

100
Q

Cannot be physically experienced by the senses. Action, quality, feeling or idea.

A

What is an abstract noun?

101
Q

A sentence does not make sense without what?

A

A verb

102
Q

What is the base form of a verb?
To run
To hear

A

‘The infinitive’

103
Q

Helping Verbs (a.k.a Auxiliary Verbs) - What are these?

A

They are verbs that always accompany an action or linking verb in a sentence.

104
Q

What is an action verb?

A

A verb that can have different endings. played, playing etc

105
Q

What does it mean that a verb can be ‘inflected’?

A

It means it’s an action verb and can have different endings.

106
Q

Why are inflected verbs called ‘participles’?

A

Because they often need to follow a linking or helping verb to be complete.

107
Q

Linking verbs are most commonly what?

A

Different forms of the verb “to be”: am, is, are (present tense) was, were (past tense)

108
Q

What is a linking verb also called?

A

Copula

109
Q

What is a helping verb also called?

A

Auxiliary verb

110
Q

What is an auxiliary verb also called?

A

Helping verb

111
Q

The helping verb’s role is to do what?

A

To change the main verb’s modality or tense (time frame)

112
Q

Peter should do his homework.
Should = what?
Do = what?

A 
Should = modal verb
Do = Primary auxiliary verb
113
Q
  1. to turn up, 2. to put up with, 3. to get by

What are these examples of?

A

Phrasal verbs

114
Q

FANBOYS are examples of what?

A

Coordinating conjunctions

115
Q

What do coordinating conjunctions do?

A

They join clauses.

Dan's Files (24 decks)

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