English Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

What a nice swimming pool!

A

Imperative

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2
Q

How I wonder what you are!

A

Exclamatory

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3
Q

Is the little star twinkling?

A

Interrogative

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4
Q

The little star is twinkling.

A

Declarative

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5
Q

Grammatical categories: Which grammatical categories are represented?

e. g. run - running -> aspect
1) Boy – Boys →
2) Him – Her →
3) Eat- eats →
4) Fool - be fooled →
5) Go - has gone →

A
  1. Number
  2. Gender
  3. Person
  4. Voice
  5. Tense
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6
Q

Name the difference between prescriptive and descriptive grammar

A

prescriptive

  • laying down rules
  • the grammatical correct version
  • “correct”, “proper” and “educated” use of English

describe

  • the way natives talk
  • the way language is really being used
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7
Q

Syntactic elements: Determine the syntactic elements in the following sentences

My little boy gave me his hand

A

Subject (my and little can also be considered as subject complements); Predicate; (Indirect) Object; (direct) object

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8
Q

Do you ask?

A

Present simple

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9
Q

Did you ask?

A

Past simple

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10
Q

…Had asked?

A

past perfect simple

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11
Q

…have asked

A

present perfect simple

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12
Q

…will have asked

A

Future perfect simple

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13
Q

I will be studying

A

Continous Future

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14
Q

I am asking

A

present progessive

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15
Q

I was asking

A

past progressive

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16
Q

…had been asking

A

Past perfect progressive

17
Q

…had been asking

A

Past perfect progressive

18
Q

I have been asking

A

present perfect progressive

19
Q

…will be asking

A

Future progressive

20
Q

…will have been asking

A

Future perfect progressive

21
Q

Syntactic Element of:

The boy visited his father in thehospital

A

The boy (subject) visited (Predicate) his father (object) in the hospital. (Adverbial)

22
Q

Basic Sentence Patterns

The girl was sleeping

A

Subject Verb Object complement subject complement object adverbial

  • SV – The girl was sleeping.
23
Q

Her mother was dressing the baby

A
  • SVO – Her mother was dressing the baby.
24
Q

Liitle James seemed very happy

A

Subject Verb Object complement subject complement object adverbial

  • SVC – Little James seemed very happy.
25
Q

Most people considered her a perfect mother

A

SVOC – Most people considered her a perfect mother.

26
Q

He was sitting on the table

A
  • SVA – He was sitting on the table.
27
Q

She has spent all her life in the village

A
  • SVOA – She has spent all her life in the village.
28
Q

Clauses: Outer Form: Off with you

A

Verbless clauses

29
Q
  • Made in Germany
A

Non-finite clauses contain a verb which does not show tense, built around an infinite, gerund or participle

30
Q
  • I spoke to Luna last night
A

Finite clauses must contain a verb which shows tense & person

31
Q
  • Normative: laying down rules (“how language ought to be used“)
  • “linguistic etiquette“
  • “correct“, “proper“ and “educated” use of English
  • People who do not follow certain rules (e.g. “You must not split an infinitive“ or “You must not end a sentence with a preposition“ may be regarded as “poorly educated“
A

Prescriptive grammar

32
Q
  • Describing language use without any social judgement
  • Reason: no variety is inherently better than another one: each variety has its own rules
  • “anything goes?“
  • Corpuslinguistics as a tool to find out about REAL usage
A

Discriptive Grammar