English exam Flashcards
To revise for the exam
Ethos
Ethos refers to the credibility and reliability of the speak or writer
Logos
Logos is a way of making your idea or arguments strong and convincing by using facts, statistics and clear reasons
Pathos
Pathos is an appeal to emotions and feeling in communication
Setting
The time and place of a story. In short stories these are usually of heigtened symbolic importance
Rising action
Events in the story become complicated as conflict is revealed, then builds. In short stories they often features increasing tension and may include foreshadowing and symbolism
Climax
The major turning point in the story; it is usually the most intense or exiting part
Falling action/resolution
Events ‘fall into place’ and conflict begins to resolve before leading to the conclusion. Loose ends are tied up and they are often shortened or non-existent
Point of view
The narrator’s position in relation to a story being told
First person perspective
Narrator tells the story from their own perspective; using words like I, We, Me etc
Second person perspective
The narrator directly adresses the reader or the audience; using words like you, your etc
Third person
The narrator describes the story using words like he, she, they etc. There is 3rd person omniscient which is when the narrator knows everything and can move form the mind of one character to another. There is also limited 3rd person which is when the story is told through the eyes of one character
How can you write a theme statement?
You must first think of the themes of the story. Then choose a theme. Next relate that theme to real life and real life experiences. Lastly use facts and events from the story to help prove your point
Retroperspective Narration
Past-tense, first person narration where the narrator looks back on the past
The Tell Tale Heart
It was made in 1843 by Edgar Allan Poe. It is 1st person. It is set in a big house in the US. The main characters are the narrator and the old man and the police officers. The main themese are insanity, guilt and time.
The Necklace
It was made Guy de Maupassant in 1884. It is 3rd person omniscient. It is set in Paris in France along the seine river at a ball. The main characters are Madame Loisel, Monsieur Loisel and Madame Forestier. The main themes are vanity/desire, greed and guilt.
Marigolds
The author is Eugenia Collier and made in 1969. It is in 1st person and set in Maryland, Usa during the Great Depression. The main characters are Lizabeth and Miss Lottie. The themes are Loss of innocence, poverty, American Dream, Angst vs Compassion.
The Lottery
It is made by Shirley Jackson in 1948. It is in 3rd person and set in a bucolic town, a small community USA (Vermont). The main characters are Tessie and the other Hutchinson familiy members, Mr Summers, and Old man warner. Themes are tradition, Mob vertality and Aggressive.
Alliteration - Rhetorical
Repetition of a sound, particularly at the beginning of words.
Appeals - Rhetorical
The deliberate use of strong words to influence the audience’s opinions.
Attack - Rhetorical
This is when an opposing argument is made fun of or made to look stupid.
Emotional language - Rhetorical
Writing in speaking in a way that encourages people to feel emotionally about what is being said or written.
Evidence - Rhetorical
Facts, information or expert opinion, statistics used to support an argument.
Exaggeration/Hyperbole - Rhetorical
Using dramatic, forceful language to exaggerate the true situation.
Exclusive language - Rhetorical
Using personal pronouns (they, their, them) to either exclude the audience.
Humour - Rhetorical
A joke, funny remark or comment.
Generalisations - Rhetorical
Involves the claim that if something is true of some people, then it must be true of all people.
Inclusive language - Rhetorical
Useing personal pronouns (I,we,our,us) to include the audience.
Repetition - Rhetorical
Repeating words, phrases or ideas for emphasis.
