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History 9 > English Civil War > Flashcards

English Civil War Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a civil war

A

A war between organised groups within the same state

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2
Q

When was Charles born and died

A

He was born 19th November 1600
Died 30th January 1649

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3
Q

Who was Charles son of and when did he come to the throne

A

Second son of James l of England (his older brother died 1612)
Came to the throne 1625 and believed he had the divine right of kings

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4
Q

What was charles l religion like and how did this create unrest

A

Deeply religious-favoured Catholicism but on paper was Protestant. Married Henrieta Maria who was a Roman Catholic and parliament feared this would influence his ruling

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5
Q

Give some general fun facts on Charles l

A

Sick most his life
Failed to please his parents
Loves to collect art
Had 9 children and was an involved father

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6
Q

Divine right of kings

A

The belief god chose you

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7
Q

What 3 things caused the relationship between parliament and the king to break down

A

Religion
Political turmoil
Economics(money)

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8
Q

Why was the catholic religion feared in England

A

Gunpowder plot of 1605

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9
Q

Why did MPs think Charles wanted England to be catholic again

A

Because of his marriage to Henrieta Maria who was a Roman Catholic

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10
Q

Why did Charles religion worry parliament

A

Because the majority of MPS were Protestant and many were strict puritans. So they wanted their king the same

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11
Q

What were the beliefs of Charles l and parliament that caused contrast

A

How was the first believed in the divine right of kings and so believed that parliament had a less important role in government in contrast protestants believed in a relationship between ruler and the ruled 

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12
Q

How did William laud create conflict

A

William laud was made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1653 by Charles l and he introduced Arminian reforms in the Church of England. These reforms were closer to Catholicism and involves using candles and bowing at the name of Jesus. He also outlawed may puritan services and created tension in the Scottish church

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13
Q

Puritan

A

Against pleasure

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14
Q

Who were puritans

A

A group of 16th and 17th century English Protestants

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15
Q

Describe puritans

A

Very conservative and preferred simple church services and the religious life

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16
Q

Why did puritans not want to be part of the Church of England

A

They believed it had not yet been fully reformed and still had too many links with Catholicism

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17
Q

What did Charles l use to punish his opponents

A

His private”Court of the star chamber “

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18
Q

What did people come to believe about Charles

A

That he was under,inning their freedom or rights

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19
Q

What happened in 1629

A

Parliament complained and Charles dismissed them

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20
Q

What years did Charles rule without parliament

A

1629-1640

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21
Q

What was the period where Charles ruled without parliament known as

A

The eleven years tyranny

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22
Q

What occurred that put Charles in a tricky political situation

A

The Scotts attacked England because they did not like the religious changes introduced by Laud

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23
Q

What Charles do to run out of money

A

Failed and costly wars
Attack on Spain in 1625 (failed)
In 1627 Charles sent a military force to France to support the Huguenots which failed

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24
Q

Why did Charles have to call parliament back

A

To ask for money to fight the scots

25
Q

How did Charles raise money without parliament

A

By bringing back old financial laws

26
Q

What were some of the laws Charles brought back

A

Ship money tax-tax on coastal communities to raise money for the navy. Charles made inland communication pay it too.
-anyone earning more than £40 had to be a knight and so contribute to the crown

27
Q

What else did Charles do to spend all the money that was considered a luxury

A

He spent large amounts of money on himself buying paintings and expensive clothes

28
Q

What were the royalists known as

A

Cavaliers

29
Q

What were the parliamentarians known as

A

Roundheads

30
Q

Who made up the cavaliers

A

Church in England as well as many Roman Catholic
Supporters were from the nobility
North and West England, some country areas but many in Ireland

31
Q

Who made up the Roundheads

A

Puritans and Scottish Presbyterian
Merchants
Many members of Parliament
And East England, London and other larger port 

32
Q

King Charles l

A

King of England

33
Q

Prince Rupert

A

A relative of the king and leader of the cavalry

34
Q

Thomas fairfax

A

Commander of parliament’s army

35
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

An MP and devoted puritan

36
Q

Bishops war

A

And attempt to make Scottish churches more like the church of England caused a rebellion and the bishops war

37
Q

Long parliament

A

Charles, the first was forced to call the “long parliament. because he needed money after the bishops war with Scotland

38
Q

Grand remonstrance

A

Instead of granting Charles money parliament sent him the grand remondtrance

39
Q

What was the grand remonstrance

A

A list of 204 complaints about the way Charles the first was running the country

40
Q

What did Charles try to do to MPs

A

He tried to arrest the five leading MPs who led the rebellion parliament. he failed and they escaped

41
Q

Nineteen propositions

A

Parliament Sent Charles 19 prepositions. They wanted the power to appoint the kings minister and control the army and the judges.

42
Q

In war how many men were killed

A

1 in 10

43
Q

What date did Charles l declare war against his enemies in parliament

A

22nd of august 1642

44
Q

Battle of edge hill

A

23rd of October no clear winner

45
Q

Battle of marathon moor

A

2nd of July 1644
Cavaliers defeated but not finished yet

46
Q

Battle of naseby

A

To be fought on the 14th June 1645

47
Q

What happened at the battle of naseby

A

Sir Thomas Fairfax Caption and general Of The parliamentarian new model army lead his troops to victory over King Charles the first Charles escaped the destruction of his forces(experienced )meant he had forced ultimate defeat 

48
Q

Who won the battle of naseby

A

Roundheads

49
Q

What did Charles l do after the battle of naseby

A

The battle had ended any real hope of a cavalry victory
Charles tried to fight on but had to surrender in May 1646

50
Q

Why did Charles l lose

A

Most of his sides best fighters were killed at the battle of naseby
Run out of money to fund their fighting
Prince Rupert was a poor decision maker
Few allies

51
Q

Why did parliament win

A

New model army advantage
Cromwell was a skilled general
They controlled wealthy parts of the country
Had money to fund their fighting and pay their soldiers
Scottish Army supported them

52
Q

What happened in January 1649

A

The House of Commons set up a court to try the king

53
Q

What did Charles have to say about his charge

A

All he said was that he did not accept that the court had any right to put him on trial

54
Q

What was Charles declared

A

Guilty

55
Q

When was Charles sentenced to death

A

27th of January 1649

56
Q

How many commissioners signed Charles death warrant

A

59 out of the 135

57
Q

Who was a significant leader that signed the kings death warrant

A

Oliver Cromwell

58
Q

Regicide

A

The killing of a king or queen

History 9 (10 decks)

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