English, ATI Manual Flashcards
is this word spelled correctly?
compatible
YES
Plural forms of nouns can also apply to PROPER NAMES. How would you pluralize the Ross family?
The Rosses
*Can think of another word like boss. How would you pluralize boss? Bosses.
Plural form of “roof”
Roofs
Plural form of “tornado”
Tornadoes
plural of salmon
salmon
plural of deer
deer
plural of moose
moose
compound noun
mother-in-law
court-martial
affect vs effect
affect can be used as a noun for feeling, emotion, or mood. Affect as a verb means to influence.
effect can be used as a noun that means result. effect as verb means to bring about
affect: the sunshine affects plants
effect: the new rules will effect order in the office
homographs
have same spelling but have multiple meanings
example: content as a noun vs content as an adjective
general nouns vs specific nouns
general more abstract… words like beauty, strength, truth, peace (ideas)
specific are like concrete nouns like baby, friend, father, town, park, city, hall, rainbow
personal pronouns
singular
first person: I, me, my, mine
second person: you, you, your, yours
third person: he, she, it, him, her, it, his her, hers, its
plural
we, us, our, ours
you, you, yours, yours
they, them, their, theirs
intensive pronouns
I myself, you yourself, he himself, we ourselves, they themselves, you yourselves etc etc
relative pronouns
which, who, whom, whose
interrogative pronouns
what, which, who, whom, whose
demonstrative pronouns
this, that, these, those
indefinite pronouns
all, any, each, every, either/neither, one, some, several
reciprocal pronouns
each other, one another
transitive verbs vs intransitive verbs
transitive:
He plays the piano. The piano was played by him.
a transitive verb is a verb whose action (drive, run, jump, etc) points to a receiver (car, dog, kangaroo).
intransitive:
He plays. John writes well.
Intransitive verbs do not point to a receiver of an action. In other words, the action of the verb does not point to a subject/object.
common linking verbs
linking verbs link the subject of a sentence to a noun or pronoun - or link a subject with an adjective
verbs like appear, be, become, feel, grow, look, seem, smell, sound, taste
Ex: I am John. I smell roses. I feel tired.
active voice vs passive voice
Active voice:
Jon drew the picture.
(Jon doing the action).
Passive voice:
The picture is drawn by Jon.
(The subject “picture” is receiving the action from Jon).
future tense:
present perfect tense:
past perfect tense:
future perfect:
future tense:
Ex: “I will walk to the store tomorrow.”
present perfect tense:
Ex: I have walked to the store three times today.
past perfect tense:
Ex: Before I walked to the store (Action 2), I HAD WALKED to the library.
future perfect:
Ex: When she comes for the supplies (future moment), I WILL HAVE WALKED to the store (action completed in the past).
indicative mood used for
facts, opinions, questions
Fact: you can do this
Opinion: I think that you can do this.
Question: Do you know that you can do this?
subjunctive mood used for
wishes and statements that go against fact
Wish: I wish that I were going to do this
Statement against fact: If I were you, I would do this. (This goes against fact because I am not you).
Definite articles vs indefinite articles
definite: I lost THE bottle that belongs to me.
indefinite: Does anyone have A bottle to share? (“A” and “AN”)
positive, comparative, superlative degrees
positive degree
Ex: This work is difficult
comparative degree
Ex: This work is more difficult than your work.
superlative degree
Ex: This is the MOST DIFFICULT work of my life.
Adverbs
modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
*Usually answer one of these questions: When? Where? How? Why?
*Adjectives answer “which one, what kind of, how many?”
NOT and NEVER are also adverbs!!!
Although many adverbs end in -ly, NOT ALL ADVERBS END IN -LY
Examples: early, friendly, holy, lonely, silly, ugly
coordinating conjunctions
and, but, yet, or, nor, for, so
Examples: The rock was small, but it was heavy.
She drove in the night, and he drove in the day.
Correlative conjunctions
Either…. or
Neither… nor
Not only… but also
Either you are coming, or you are staying.
He not only ran three miles, but also swam 200 yards.
Subordinating conjunctions
common ones are:
after, although, because, before, in order that, since, so that, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, while
Ex: I am hungry because I did not eat breakfast.
He went home WHEN everyone left.
Commas (rules)
before a coordinating conjunction:
Bob caught three fish, and I caught two fish.
between items in a series:
I will bring the turkey, the pie, and the coffee.
use between coordinate adjectives not joined with and
The kind, loyal dog followed me home
kind AND loyal (makes sense if u link them with AND) as opposed to the kind AND brown dog … that sounds weird so that would be incorrect
direct address:
You, John, are my only hope.
contrast:
You are my friend, not my enemy.
hyphens
numbers 1-99 HAVE HYPHEN ONLY!!!
Correct: one hundred fifty-one
