English Flashcards
Do you agree that chemistry is the explanation of everyday things ? Justify your answers
No,
Chemistry is not the only explanation for everyday things. While it explains the composition and reactions of matter ( like cooking or cleaning ), other sciences like physics,biology, and psychology are also involved in understanding everyday phenomena
Can you give some other examples of chemistry in everyday life ?
Cooking : chemical reactions like caramelization and fermentation
Cleaning : Soap and detergent break down oils using emulsification
Breathing : Oxygen reacts with Glucose in your body for energy
Rusting : Iron reacts with oxygen and water to form rust
Two household chemicals you should never mix include :
Bleach and ammonia. Chloramine vapors can be deadly
The sweat-blocking ingredient is antiperspirant is often ?
An Aluminum Compound
The acid in most car batteries, sometimes known as “ Oil of Vitrol “ is :
Sulfuric acid
One important source of vitamin C is citrus fruit. Vitamin C is :
Ascorbic acid
Soft drinks may contain many different acids. The acid that produces fizz or bubbles is :
Carbonic acid
If you are making soaps and detergents from scratch, oe of your starting ingredients will be ?
- Potassium hydroxide
- Sodium hydroxide
The chemical thimerosal has been used to preserve saline solutions and vaccines. Thimerosal contains which metal ?
Mercury
BHA and BHT are two chemicals commonly used as preservatives in food. What do they preserve ?
They are used to keep fats from turning rancid
All of these chemicals are sweeteners. Which one is not artificial ?
Fructose
Chocolate and cocoa naturally contain relatively high levels of which two metals ?
Cadmium and lead
How would you define chemistry as a science ? What is the scope if its study ?
Chemistry is the study of matter
The scope of its study covers the structures, properties , transformation and interaction of the substances that make up matter
What is the difference between chemical reaction and chemical equation ?
A Chemical reaction is the actual process where substances change into new ones
A Chemical equation is the written representation of that reaction using symbols and formulas
Is mathematics essential for chemistry ?
Yes ,
Because chemistry relies on mathematical concepts for calculations like molarity, relation rates, thermodynamics and data analysis.
As chemsitry students, you need math to solve equations, predict outcomes, and model chemical behaviors
Why is chemistry called the “ Central science “
Chemistry bridges physics and biology, explaining matters structure and reactions, which are fundamental to all natural sciences
Branches closely related to chemistry
Physics
Biology
Informatics
Atomic radius
This is the distance between the nucleus of an atom and the valence electrons of that atom
Electronegativity
It is a measure of the tendency of ana tom to attract electrons to itself in a convalent bond
electron affinity
The electron affinity is a measure of the attraction between the incoming electron and the nucleus - the stronger the attraction, the more energy is released.
What is a metal ?
There are materials with good thermal and electrical conductivity. Metals are also known for their unique malleable, ductile, and reflective properties that make them suitable for construction
What is a non metal
Nonmetals are elements characterized by their lack of metallic properties.
They are often brittle and poor conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals are natural elements used in pure form and in the form of compounds when combined with other elements.
What are metalloids
Metalloids are the middle ground between metals and nonmetals, exhibiting qualities of both groups of elements.
They are more thermally or electrically conductive than nonmetals, but not as much as metals. Metalloids are metallic in appearance but are brittle and extremely fragile despite being solid at room temperature.
What are monoatomic ions
Ions which form from single atoms that has lost or gain electrons : Na+, Cl-
Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals
Alkali metals lose 1 electron wile reacting with non-metals and alkaline earth lose 2 electrons
What rules applies when naming ionic compounds
We say the cations first and the anions second : sodium chloride
What happens when acids ionize
Their hydrogen ions become the cation and any negative charge left is the anion
What does the suffix -OUS mean
It means less than
What is the difference between Organic and Inorganic chemistry
Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon. Inorganic chemistry involves the study of all compounds that do not contain carbon
Types of inorganic chemical reactions
- Combination reaction
- Decomposition reaction
- Single displacement reaction
- Double displacement reaction
Neutralisation reaction
An acid and alkali will neutralise each other and produce a salt and water. This is called a neutralisation reaction.
Note to myself
- When you have a convalent bond you use the word molecule
- When you have an ionic bond you use the word Formula unit
What are polymers ? Give some examples
Polymers are macromolecules composed of long, repeating chains of smaller molecules (monomers)
Polymers can be natural or synthetic
The term polymer is often used to describe plastics, which are synthetic polymers example : polyethylene (PE)
Natural polymers include Rubber consist of simple hydrocarbon, isoprene
Protein is also a natural polymer, made up od amino acids
where does the word Chiral come from
Derived from the greek word HAND
How would you define Analytcal chemsitry ? What is the scope of it’s study ?
It refers to the study and use of instruments and methods to separate , identify and quantify matter.
Analytical chemistry consists of classical yet chemical methods( ex; colorimetry, gravimetry, titration and modern instrumental methods like IR, TLC, HPLC, GC , X-ray etc )
What is the difference between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis
Qualitative analysis identifies analytes, while quantitaive analysis determines the numerical amount or conc.
Classical quantitative analysis uses mass or volume changes to quantify amount .
Classical Quanlitative methods include extraction
What are applications of analytical chemsitry
Forensics
Medicine
Pharmaceuticals
The food industry
