English Flashcards
introduction types
Quote, Definition, anecdote, background info.
Thesis statement
States topic. Last sent of intro
conclusion
revisits main idea, justifies thesis but does not say the exact thing. no new information.
MLA format
1 inch margin, header(pagination) if more than 1 page (last name page #,top right) x2 space everything, tap 5 spaces, 12 point font.
heading
name, instructor, class, date
titles
centered, bigger..
topic sentence
beginning of body paragraph. states the main idea of a body paragraph and directly supports the thesis
unity
this means that all of the ideas within an essay directly support the main idea stated in
the thesis; therefore; it also means that all the information within a paragraph supports that paragraph’s topic sentence. use transitions?
types of essays
narrative: telling a story
descriptive: painting a picture by descriptions
expository essays: just the facts
persuasive essay: convincing
structure of paragraph
the topic sentence
supporting evidence
conclusion
introduction purpose
to capture the readers attention
inform what the essay is about
components of an introduction
lead: capture readers attention
thesis: tell reader what its about
outline
Roman numerals for the he section under that letters and if under that Roman numerals.
transitions
words to keep the flow going words used to show connections between ideas–help improve coherence. however, therefore, nonetheless, as a result, consequently, in spite of this(these start an independent clause and need a comma)
lead
a few sentences used to grab the reader’s attention and introduce the topic of the essay.
coherence
flow; how info or sentences are put together
pagination
Note in the corner that depends on type (MLA) & usually right top & says “Brooking 2”
writing triad types
style, content, conventions
under content
ideas
development and support
organization and focus
under style
sentence fluency
word choice
voice
under conventions
grammar and mechanics
format
the 5 steps in the writing process
prewriting(brainstorming, creating thesis, outlining), draft, revise(be able to differentiate from editing and proofreading)(STYLE) ? , edit/proofreading, publishing
sentence combos
- IC, fanboys IC. (I ran all the way to school, but I was still tardy.)
- IC; IC. (I love ice cream; mint chocolate is my favorite.)
- IC; transition, IC. (Mr. Walker is a nice guy; however, he can be quite terrifying.)
- IC; I, transition, C. (The Bullpups trained hard all season; they will, therefore, win the GSL title.)
- IC SC. (I like James Bond movies because they are action-packed.
- SC, IC. (If he doesn’t get his pet Komodo dragon under control, Eric will have to send it back to Komodo island.)
- I, SC, C. (Escargot, which is quite delicious, is made from sea snails.)
fragment
No independent clause, could be subordinate
subordinate clauses
start with a subordinator but have a verb and subject
independent clause
can stand alone note: some start with transitions (ex. however, )
which, who whom (which is in Spokane)
know its a clause but ask mr. pearson if ind or dep.
simple
1 ind 0 dep
compound
2 ind 0 dep
complex
1 ind,+1 dep
compound-complex
+2 ind, +1 dep
phrase
group of words without a verb or subject
o fix a run-on sentence
;
fanboys(coordinating conj),
allusion
a reference to another work
character
a person in a novel, play or movie
direct characterization
he author tells you what the character is like through adjectives
indirect characterization
author shows the characterization through evidence
conflict
problem a character must confront
plot
things that happen in the story
__/\__ plot ladder
exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, denouement
fiction
a story not based on fact
foreshadow
suspense; hints about what will happen later
flat character
few characteristics or traits; undeveloped
round character
multi-dimensional; well-developed character
static character
fixed or unchanging
dynamic
changing character
imagery
figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses
irony
figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words.
verbal irony
says something which means something else
dramatic irony
we know something the character doesnt
situational irony
irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected.
symbol
an object which represents something greater than itself
3rd limited
not in the story but only know everything about one character
3rd omniscient or omniscient
uninvolved and all knowin
1st person
is the narrator or one of the characters
protangonist
main character of a story
antagonist
main conflict or enemy in a story
tone
the authors attitude towards a subject
setting
place and time
theme
main idea -of a poem- between the lines
where the subject is the blunt literal on the lines topic
pun
the humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play on words.
organization
the order of the story or how it is told ex. chronological problem solution
Hubris
Extreme pride/self confidence
Hero cycle definition
Archetypal pattern for stories
Hero cycle steps
1 odd birth 2 wise mentor 3 called to adventure 4 first says no 5 accepts call & someone changes (ex. Fall in love) //threshold of adventure// 6 battles henchmen 7 make a descent to the underworld (literal/mental) 8 low point, giving up, defeat, maybe lost first battle 9 resurrection 10 climax 11 restitution
Hero
A hero or heroine refers to characters who, in the face of danger and adversity or from a position of weakness, display courage and the will for self-sacrifice—that is, heroism—for some greater good of all humanity.
Myth
A traditional story from history that explains something (we don’t understand)
Epic
Long poem
Homer
Wrote Odyssey & epics
Zeus/Jupiter
King of gods, god of sky
Poseidon/Neptune
god of the sea
Hestia/ vesta
god of the hearth
Hermes/mercury
Messenger god
Hephaestus/Vulcan
god of craftsmanship
Hera/Juno
Zeus wife
god of marriage
Hades/Pluto
god of underworld
Dionysus/Bacchus
god of wine & fertility
Athena\ Minerva
god of Warcraft and wisdom
Artemis/ Diana
god of the hunt
Aphrodite/ Venus
god of love
Apollo/Apollo
god of sun, music & prophecy
Ares/mars
god of war
Cronus/Saturn
Killed father with sickle threw in the ocean & out came furies
Ate children
Furies
Peruse people that kill there own family members
Eros/Cupid
god of love
Fates
3 people who planned your life; deities
Graces
Immortal personification of grace & beauty
Nymph
Immortal female;
Icarus
Made Rome
Atlas
Hold heavens
Pan
All
Metis
Mother of Athena; Zeus first wife; goddess of wisdom, memory?
Persephone
Hades wife; daughter of Demeter
Demeter
God of agriculture
Trident
Gift from cyclops or Hephaestus to Poseidon
Gaea
Mother Earth
Tartarus
Deepest part of the underworld
Chaos
Before everything
Titans
Primeval race Powerful deities (Gaea & Uranus children)
the males were Oceanus, Hyperion, Coeus, Cronus, Crius, and Iapetus and the females were Mnemosyne, Tethys, Theia, Phoebe, Rhea, and Themis
Cyclopes
One eye; Poseidon dad
Olympus
Mountain where gods live
Rhea
Cronus wife (Titan)
Styx
River between life & death
Midas
King; gets a bull from Poseidon, loves it, doesn’t give it back, so the wife has it with it = Minotaur (punishment)
Charon
Ferry boatsmen of the Styx; transports souls
Cerberus
3 headed dog guards underworld
Centaur
1/2 human
Minotaur
1/2 human
Danae
Princess of Argos; Zeus first wife; mom of Perseus
Matriarchal
Women led
Patriarchal
Male led
Pandora
First human by Hephaestus, with Pandoras box with all bad
Anthropomorphic
Human anthropomorphism; personification; giving the gods human traits
Polytheism
Belief in many gods
Monotheism
Belief in one God
Prometheus
Protects humans; Titan; messed with Zeus, got fire taken away, stole it back, pecked out over and over in hell, but teach human skills/fire, freed by Hercules & help him ?
Tantalus
In hell, water & food right out of his reach
Sisyphus
In hell, push up roll constantly
Hercules
Had to do 12 tasks cuz he killed wife & children because of rage of Hera
Medusa
Hair of snakes & look at = stone
Echo
Echo was a Nymph who had the job of talking incessantly to Hera, the Queen of the Gods, so that her husband, Zeus, would not get caught in his numerous affairs. Hera caught on to Echo’s trick and cursed her to only be able to say what others had just said — hence the word “echo
Narcissus
Fell in love with himself(read)
Pygmalion
Pygmalion was a sculptor who fell in love with a statue he had carved (Galicia)
Daedalus
Made labyrinth for Minos’ Minotaur, he knew path, Minos imprisoned him, he flew away with his son (Icarus) but Icarus got too close to son & died- Icarian sea
Medias
Touch of gold ?
Narcissus
Saw reflection in a pool, fell in love & stayed to death.
Amazons
7 ft tall soldier woman race
Odysseus
10 years find way home
Achilles
Greatest warrior for who ?
Penelope
Odysseus wife
Telemachus
Odysseus son
Pantheon
Temple dedicated to Athena
Hamarita
Mistake\error
Arête
Excellence of any kind
Kleos
Glory
Ilium
Troy
Polyphemus
Cyclopes Odysseus messes with by riding out under sheeps
Charybdis
Whirlpool odes sues has to deal with
Scylla
Dog eating cliff
Lotus eaters
Eat lotus want to stay forever
Helios
Titan of the son
Calypso
Keep Odysseus 7 year
Odysseus journey list
Ismaros, land of the cicones Lotos Eaters Hyperia Aiolia Laistrygonia (stronghold of Lamos) Aiaia Erebos Skylla and the Kharybdis Thryinakia Ogygia Skheria Ithaka
Tradegy
A play that after the climax turns bad
4 great tragedies
King leer
Othello
Macbeth
Hamlet
Comedy
At the climax is resolved and ends well
Comedy’s
The tempest
All’s well that ends well
A mid summers night dream
History
Based on history
Examples of histories
Richard
Henry
Iambic petemeter
10 beats per line (meter)
Rhythm
Regular stressing of words to make a beat
Meter
Beat (regular syllable emphasis) regular rhythm
Couplet
Group of two words that rhyme
End-stopped line
Line in poetry that ends in a period or a comma
Enjambment
Run on line, line of poetry that goes onto the next
Elizabethan
Era that brought back art, Shakespeare’s time
Queen Elizabeth
Ruler of London of England at beginning of Shakespeare’s life
King James
Ruler of England for end of Shakespeare’s life
The Globe
Shakespeare’s theater
Globe motto, on building
The world is a stage
Stratford
Shakespeare’s hometown
London
Where Shakespeare wrote his plays & produced them at the Globe
Bard
Poet, that recites poetry orally
Thames
River flowing through London, England in Shakespeare’s time
Lords chamberlains mean, kings men
Shakespeare’s actors under lord chamberlain during Elizabeth’s reign, his actors under King James’ reign
What they called people that payed a penny to get into the globe and were on the floor
Groundling/ penny nave
Metaphor
Comparison without using like or as
Simile
Comparison using like or as
Personification
Giving something non-human, human like characteristics ex: the wind whistled
Figurative language
Language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation.
Rhyme
correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry.
Shakespeare’s wife
Anne Hathaway
Sonnet
14 line poem
Shakespearean: 3 quatrains, 1 couplet
Quatrain
Group of four lines in a poem that have a rhyme scheme
Ex: ABAB
The rose
Rival playhouse, before globe, on south bank
Imagery
visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.
Acts
5 in a regular Shakespeare play
Aside
A comment from an actor to the audience, quick side note that no other characters are aware of
Soliloquy
Dramatic speech by one character alone tot he audience
Blank verse
Unrhymed iambic pentameter
Alliteration
Repeated consonant sound
Connotation
Interpretation not supposed to be literal, opposite denotation, implyed meaning, what is meant
Denotation
Supposed to be be taken literall, what is said
Figure of speech
Anything not to be taken literally
Stanza
A group of lines, paragraph in poetry
Onomatopoeia
the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named
Ex: hiss, honk
Assonance
Repeated vowel sounds
Symbol
Some object that represents something greater than itself
Ex: that dandelion represented hope
Ballad
A long poem song like telling a story
Free verse
Poem with no structure
Imagery
Language appeals to our senses
Charybdis
Whirlpool for odessues
Scylla
Six headed sea serpent
Calypso
7 years
Circe
1 year, men to pigs
Ithaca
Odessues home
Helios
men once again go against his orders and eat Helios’ cattle. This outrages the god, and he threatens never to rise again. As a punishment, Zeus throws a bolt of lightning at the ship, and turns it to splinters. Only Odysseus survive
Book, movie, novel title
Italicized
Song and poems
“Quotations”
Sirens
Odysseus meets them , his men put wax in ears and he is tied to a pole
Helios
After getting to Helios’ island thrinacia, they get stuck for a month so odysseus goes to pray on a mountain to the gods. The men eat Helios’ cattle, which they were told not too.
Name of cyclops in odyssey
Polyphemus
Lotus eaters
Stuck on an island eat lotus flowers and loose will to live
Apostrophe uses
Possessive
Connection
Capital South
Direction: no
The South: pt of USA: yes
Semicolon
Colon
Colon: ic:sc
Semicolon: ic;ic
Corresponding five steps
Prewriting: content
Revising:style
Drafting: conventions
Saman
Some all most any none ~plural
Special singular
Singular- one each body
