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Biology Flashcards

0
Q

Neutron

A

A subatomic practical in the nucleus which is neutral in an atom

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1
Q

Proton

A

A subatomic particle in the nucleus positive charge of an atom

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2
Q

Electron

A

A subatomic particle in an atom around the nucleus that is negative

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3
Q

Matter

A

Anything that makes up matter and has mass

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4
Q

Compound

A

Substance with a unique, fixed composition that consists of two or more elements

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5
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces.

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6
Q

Polarity

A

Difference in electrical charge between different parts of the same molecule

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7
Q

properties of water

A

polarity, high hydrogen bonding, cohesion, surface tension, adhesion

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8
Q

organic compounds ( macromolecule polysaccharides )

A

chemical compounds of living things and life processes

Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins

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9
Q

glucose

A 
simple carbohydrate (c6h12o6)
stores energy for everything
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10
Q

peptide bond

A

a chemical bond formed between 2 molecules of carboxylate group when an amino acid reacts with the other amino acids producing h2o

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11
Q

polypeptide

A

chain of amino acids that or with others such as chains make a protein

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12
Q

nucleotide

A

a mass molecule containing a sugar; building block of Nucleic acids

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13
Q

DNA

A

double stranded Nucleic acid that makes up genes and chromosomes

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14
Q

surface are

A

total area of surface or surfaces

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15
Q

volume

A

amount of space that a substance of object occupies

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16
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

a model conceived by s.j. singer and Garth Nicholas in 1972 to describe the structural feature of biological membranes

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17
Q

protiens

A

organic compound made up of amino acids

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18
Q

cell wall

A

layers support and protect the cell

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19
Q

chloroplast

A

organelle in the cells of plants photosynthesis takes places

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20
Q

er (rough and smooth)

A

organelle makes and transports proteins and
lipids
rough: studded with ribosomes- framework for ribosomes
smooth: no ribosomes. membrane pinch of with proteins

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21
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

organelle in eukaryotes: process proteins and prepares them for inside and out use

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22
Q

prokaryotic

A

no nucleus or organelles

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23
Q

eukaryotic

A

bigger ribosomes MEMBRANE VOUND ORGANELLES

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24
Q

nucleus

A

organelle inside eukaryotic cells that contains most DNA and control center

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25
Q

mitochondria

A

organelle in eukaryotic cells that make energy available to the cell in the form of ATP

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26
Q

cytoskeleton

A

structure of filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm that provides a cell with an internal framework

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27
Q

vacuoles

A

large sac like organelle that stores and transports material inside a cell

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28
Q

plant membrane VS animal membrane

A

cell wall and plasma membrane VS cell membrane only

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29
Q

ribosomes

A

organelle inside all cells where proteins are made

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30
Q

cilia / flagella

A

protein extensions of the plasma membrane in most prokaryotic cells (helps cell move)

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31
Q

homeostasis

A

process of maintaining a stable environment inside a cell or organism

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32
Q

hypotonic

A

more solvent inside so water comes in

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33
Q

turgor pressure

A

the pressure exerted by water in the cell against the cell wall

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34
Q

sodium- potassium pump

A

active transport, sodium ions are pumped out. potassium pumped in (with carrier protein and ATP)

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35
Q

autotrophs

A

organism that makes it’s own food. (photosynthesis)

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36
Q

stroma

A

space outside thylakoid membrane (Calvin cycle takes place)

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37
Q

concentration gradient

A

a gradual change in the concentration of solute

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38
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

diffusion with the help of transport proteins

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39
Q

diffusion

A

type of passive transport that does not require the help of transport proteins

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40
Q

cytolysis

A

the dissolution/desecration of a cell by the destruction of a membrane

41
Q

active transport

A

movement of a substance across a plasma membrane that requires energy

42
Q

general equation of light

A

6co2 + 6h2o + light energy -> c6h12o6+6o2

43
Q

heterotroph

A

organism that eats other organism

44
Q

electron transport chain

A

series of electron - transport molecules molecules that pass high energy electrons from molecule to molecule & capture their energy

45
Q

Punnett square

A

chart for determining the expected is of genotypes

46
Q

sex chromosomes

A

x or Y chromosomes in human cell ( tell your sex )

47
Q

dipoid

A

having each type of chromosome (full set)

48
Q

interphase

A

stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell grows. synthesizes DNA prepares to divide

49
Q

chromosome

A

x of genes carries DNA. 2 chromatids gene. segments of DNA located on chromosomes

50
Q

recessive

A

little letter. recessive allele

51
Q

mono hybrid

A

the hybrid of parents that is differ at only one gene locus, for which each parent is homozygous

52
Q

matter

A

anything that makes up matter & has mass

53
Q

compound

A

substance with a unique , fixed

54
Q

molecule

A

a group of atom bonded; smallest unit that can have chemical reaction

55
Q

periodic table

A

table that tell all the elements

56
Q

hydrogen bonding

A

type of chemical bond that forms between molecules : found in water

57
Q

adhesion

A

the tendency of of dissimilar particles that cling to each other. Property of water. THE WAY WATER STICKS TO OTHER THINGS.

58
Q

cohesion

A

because of the mass of hydrogen binding they stick together in a pattern. Propuesta of water. THE WAY WATER STICKS TOGETHER IN A PATTERN.

59
Q

carbohydrates

A

organic compound such as a sugar or starch

60
Q

fructose

A

simple sugar

61
Q

lipids (saturated vs unsaturated)

A

with as many H as possible (straight) VS organic compound such as fat/oil, not as many possible (bend)

62
Q

Nucleic acid

A

organic compound such as DNA or RNA

63
Q

chloroplast structure and function

A

in plant cell- photosynthesis takes place (organelle)

64
Q

wavelength pigment

A

are molecules with their own characteristics absorption Spector in response to light. the color depends on wavelengths are not absorbed

65
Q

fermentation

A

way to make ATP without oxygen. - lactic acid - alcoholic

66
Q

genotype

A

the genetic make up of an organism (alleles) that you can’t see

67
Q

monosaccharide

A

simple sugar (glucose)

68
Q

passive transport

A

movement of substance across a plasma membrane that does not require energy

69
Q

hypertonic

A

more solute outside the cell than around so water goes out and it’s shrinked

70
Q

endocytosis

A

type of vesicle transport that moves substances into a cell

71
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water molecules across a membrane

72
Q

details of photosystems 1 and 2

A

2 comes first. 1 comes 2nd. transports molecules across membranes

73
Q

isotonic

A

same solute inside and out

74
Q

ion channels

A

creates pathways for charged ions

75
Q

exocytosis

A

type of vesicle transport that moves substances out of a cell

76
Q

cellular respiration general equation

A

(glucose is broken down, ATP is made)

c6h12o6 + 6o2 -> 6co2 + 6h2o + chemical energy (in ATP)

77
Q

lactic acid and alcoholic.

A

fermentation- pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid

78
Q

NAD, NADH

A

energy carrying molecules

79
Q

kreb cycle

A

in the matrix (space enclosed by the inner membrane)

products: 2 ATP, 8 NADP, 2 FADH2

80
Q

relationship between photosynthesis and cell respiration

A

2 sides of same coin (opposites)

81
Q

homologous chromosome

A

pair of chromosomes that have the same size and shape contain the same genes

82
Q

allele

A

form of gene (trait) one of a pair, on a specific place on a chromosome

83
Q

phenotype

A

an organism physical traits based on equal

84
Q

co-dominance

A

(spots) alleles that are equal in (Tt)

85
Q

autosomes

A

chromosomes 1-22 in humans without genes for sex

86
Q

haploid

A

having only 1 chromosome of each type

87
Q

cytokinesis

A

splitting of the cytoplasm to form daughter cells

88
Q

Mendel

A

discovered genetics (science of heredity)

89
Q

dominant

A

marks recessive traits. what is the main factor do a pair.

90
Q

incomplete dominance

A

the t influences the T so turns inbetween

91
Q

Calvin cycle

A

2nd stage of photosynthesis in which carbon atoms from co2 are combined, using the energy in ATP & NADPH to make glucose

92
Q

role of oxygen

A

use ATP, makes up body, to burn calories for food FINAL PART OF THE ELECTrON RESPTOR ?

93
Q

glycolysis (reactants and products)

A

glucose- 2 pyruvic acids & ATP

- 1st stage of cellular respiration

94
Q

pyruvic acid

A

pyruvic (organic acid) liquid produces by break down of carbs and sugars during glycolysis

95
Q

anaerobic vs aerobic

A

cellular respiration with no oxygen VS cellular respiration with oxygen

96
Q

adhesion

A

an object attracted to something similar to itself

97
Q

cohesion

A

a molecule attracted to something unlike itself

98
Q

carbohydrates end in..

A

ose

99
Q

cell

A

building block of life

100
Q

Test cross

A

When you have one tall parent and you don’t know if he is Tt or TT, so you determine by the offspring.

101
Q

Chemiosmosis: atp synthase CREATES ATP

A

The way atp synthase CREATE ATP

Drama (5 decks)

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