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Block 4 > Engines > Flashcards

Engines Flashcards

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1
Q

What is torsional vibration

A

Rhythmic change in crankshaft speed

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2
Q

Wjat is primary balance

A

When a counterweight on the crankshaft offsets movement of piston and connecting rod

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3
Q

What is secondary balance

A

Movement of one piston off sets another, uses a second piston to offset another

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4
Q

What is the main purpose of a crankshaft

A

Convert linear motion of connecting rods into rotational energy

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5
Q

What is an elastomer dampener

A

Consists of an inner hub outer hub and rubber ring

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6
Q

What is a viscous dampener

A

Has fluid inside, silicone fluid acts like a spring

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7
Q

What isba combo dampener

A

A combo of viscous and elastomer dampener

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8
Q

What is a rotating pendulum vibrating absorber

A

Series of rollers that act between a drive hub and outer hub that allow relative movement to offset vibrations

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9
Q

What is a balance shaft dampeners

A

Run at 2x engine speed

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10
Q

What is a deep skirt block

A

Has a skirt below the crankshaft

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11
Q

What is a ladder frame block

A

All caps are connected as one, looks like a ladder

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12
Q

What is a tunnel bore block

A

Strongest block, small bore diesel, crankshaft tunnels into back of block when installed

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13
Q

What are the 4 types of blocks

A
  1. Deep skirt
    2.ladder frame
    3.tunnel bore
    4.crossbolted
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14
Q

What Is a parent bore block

A

A block with no removable sleeves or liners

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15
Q

Cylinder sleeve blocks

A

Have replaceable liners that make your cylinder walls

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of liners

A

Dry-liner not exposed to coolant
Midstop-seat flange halfway down”mid”
Wet-outside of center exposed to coolant for heat transfer

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17
Q

What does the cross hatch pattern achieve

A

Helps retain oil, helps break in rings, as cross hatch wears oil consumption increases so does blowby. Power decreases

18
Q

What are the main parts of a piston

A

Crown
Ring belt
Skirt

19
Q

What is a slipper skirt piston design

A

A piston design that has a portion of the skirt removed on the non thrust sides of the piston to provide clearance for crankshaft counterweights

20
Q

What is a monotherm piston

A

One piece piston design made entirely of alloyed stee, has a compact height and large reduction of material between skirt and crown

21
Q

What is an articulating piston

A

Two piece piston design that uses a separate aluminum skirt connected to an alloy steel crown through a piston pin

22
Q

What is a cam ground piston

A

An oval shaped piston that once warmed up rounds

23
Q

What is a trunk piston

A

Piston design that is dimensionally longer than it is wide with a full piston skirt

24
Q

Ehat are the 3 types of piston rings, what do they do

A

1.compression- for compression. Keystone shape notch up
2. Intermediate- for compression and oil taper face notch down
3.oil control- coiled expander ring, scraper rails

25
Q

Crankshaft spacing is set to equal 720° of rotation so if you have 6 cylinders what is the degree of spacing per rod journal? What If you have 4 cylinders? What if you have 8 cylinders?

A

720°÷6=120° of spacing between rod journals
720°÷4=180° of spacing between rod journals
720°÷8=90° of spacing between rod journals

The amount of spacing between rod journals always adds up to 720° of rotation

So 720°÷ # of cyl= spacing between rod journal

26
Q

What is slobber, what causes slobber

A

A mix of carbon, soot and condensation
Caused by excessive idle and low temp operation

27
Q

What type of bearing is used on crankshaft main bearing sets

A

Friction bearing

28
Q

If bearing clearance is too little what’s the cause

A

High oil pressure

29
Q

If bearing clearance is too much whats the cause

A

Low oil pressure

30
Q

What controls maximum oil pressure in an engine?

A

Relief valve

31
Q

What would not enough liner protrusion cause?

A

It would cause the liners to wear excessively

32
Q

What would cause liners to be damaged upon installation?

A

Too much liner protrusion

33
Q

What is a cylinder contribution test

A

A test that determines a cylinders contribution to total engine power

34
Q

When doing a compression test and you have low pressure on the dry test and good pressure on the wet test what does this mean

A

Bad rings

35
Q

What are the three ways pistons are cooled?

A

Piston rings
Valve overlap
Cooling nozzles

36
Q

What is the allowable wear for cylinder cross hatch

A

20%

37
Q

If you have 10% of cylinder cross hatch left how much service life is left?

A

50% service life at 10% wear

38
Q

Would you use and undersized or oversized bearing for a crankshaft that is worn or has been ground to undersize?

A

Undersized bearing for worn crankshaft or ground

39
Q

Would you use and undersized or oversized bearing for a block that has been damaged and had the bearing bore re-bored?

A

You would use an oversized bearing for a bearing bore that has been re-bored

40
Q

If you have too little liner protrusion what can you do?

A

You can add a shim underneath the liner flange

41
Q

If liner protrusion is too high what can you do?

A

Swap it out for a liner with less protrusion. Very rarely is liners machined to lower liner protrusion

42
Q

What must you do before you measure liner protrusion?

A

Clamp it in place

Block 4 (11 decks)

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