Energy transfer Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another. The total energy input equals the total energy output.

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2
Q

Name two forms of energy involved in a moving car.

A

The car converts chemical energy (from fuel) into kinetic energy (movement) and some heat energy (wasted).

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3
Q

What energy transformation occurs in a light bulb?

A

Input: Electrical energy _ Output: Light energy (useful) and heat energy (wasted).

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4
Q

How do you calculate the efficiency of a device?

A

Efficiency = (Useful energy out Ö Total energy in) _ 100.

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5
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object. The faster the object moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

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6
Q

How is energy wasted in most devices?

A

Energy is usually wasted as heat and sometimes as sound.

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7
Q

Name the input and output energy in a wind turbine.

A

Input: Kinetic energy (wind) _ Output: Electrical energy.

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8
Q

Explain the energy transfer in a hydroelectric power station.

A

Input: Gravitational potential energy (water) _ Output: Electrical energy.

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9
Q

What energy transformation occurs in a solar panel?

A

Input: Light energy _ Output: Electrical energy.

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10
Q

What is gravitational potential energy (GPE)?

A

Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has because of its height above the ground.

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11
Q

How does a battery store energy?

A

A battery stores chemical energy, which is transformed into electrical energy when used.

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12
Q

Explain the energy transfer in an electric fan.

A

Input: Electrical energy _ Output: Kinetic energy (movement of air).

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13
Q

How does a car engine waste energy?

A

The car engine wastes energy as heat and sound.

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14
Q

Give an example of energy transformation in a hair dryer.

A

Input: Electrical energy _ Output: Heat energy and kinetic energy (moving air).

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15
Q

What happens to wasted energy?

A

Wasted energy is dissipated into the surroundings, usually as heat or sound, and becomes less useful.

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16
Q

What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy = _ _ mass _ velocity_.

17
Q

What is energy efficiency?

A

Energy efficiency is how well a device converts input energy into useful output energy.

18
Q

How do you calculate the potential energy of an object?

A

Potential energy = mass _ gravitational field strength _ height.

19
Q

Give an example of chemical energy being transformed.

A

Burning coal transforms chemical energy into heat and light energy.

20
Q

Explain the energy transfer in a catapult.

A

Input: Elastic potential energy _ Output: Kinetic energy (movement of the object).

21
Q

What is internal energy?

A

Internal energy is the energy stored in an object due to the movement of its atoms or molecules.

22
Q

How can energy waste be reduced?

A

Energy waste can be reduced by using more efficient devices (e.g., LED bulbs) and improving insulation.

23
Q

Explain the energy transformation in a television.

A

Input: Electrical energy _ Output: Light, sound (useful), and heat energy (wasted).