Energy Systems Keywords

Question 1

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 1

ATP

only usable form of energy in the body

Question 2

glycolysis

Answer 2

a process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate to produce energy

Question 3

sarcoplasm

Answer 3

fluid surrounding the nucleus of a muscle fibre and is the site where anaerobic respiration takes place

Question 4

krebs cycle

Answer 4

a series of cyclical chemical reactions that take place using oxygen in the matrix of the mitochondrion

Question 5

electron transport chain

Answer 5

involves a series of chemical reactions in the cristae of the mitochondria where hydrogen is oxidised to water and 34 ATP are produced

Question 6

phosphocreatine

Answer 6

PC

an energy rich phosphate compound found in the sarcoplasm of the muscles

Question 7

short-term lactate anaerobic system

Answer 7

produces high powered energy for high effort in events such as the 400m

Question 8

anaerobic

Answer 8

a reaction that can occur without the presence of oxygen

Question 9

coupled reaction

Answer 9

when energy required for one process is supplied by anotherprocess

Question 10

energy continuum

Answer 10

a term which describes the type of respiration used by physical activities. whether its aerobic or anaerobic respiration depends on the intensity and duration of exercise

Question 11

oxygen consumption

Answer 11

amount of oxygen we use to produce ATP

Question 12

VO2 max

Answer 12

maximum volume of oxygen that can be taken up by the muscles per minute

Question 13

sub-maximal oxygen deficit

Answer 13

when there’s not enough oxygen available at the start of exercise to provide all the energy (ATP) aerobically

Question 14

EPOC

Answer 14

the amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have been consumed at rest during the same time

Question 15

fast component

Answer 15

the restoration of ATP and phosphocreatine stores and the re-saturation of myoglobin with oxygen

Question 16

the cori cycle

Answer 16

the process where lactic acid is transported in the blood to the liver where it is converted to blood glucose and glycogen

Question 17

lactate threshold

Answer 17

the point during exercise at which lactic acid quickly accumulates in the blood

Question 18

OBLA

Answer 18

the point when lactate levels go above 4 millimoles per litre

Question 19

Buffering

Answer 19

a process which aids the removal of lactate and maintains acidity levels in the blood and muscle

Question 20

calorimetry

Answer 20

the calculation of heat in physical changes and chemical reactions

Question 21

indirect calorimetry

Answer 21

measures the production of CO2 and/or the consumption of O2

Question 22

Direct gas analysis

Answer 22

Measures the concentration of oxygen that is inspired and the concentration of carbon dioxide that is expired.

Question 23

Cycle ergometer

Answer 23

A stationary bike that measures how much work is being performed

Question 24

The respiratory exchange ratio

Answer 24

(RER)

the ratio of carbon dioxide produced compared to oxygen consumed

Question 25

Altitude training

Answer 25

Usually done at 2500m+ above sea level where the partial pressure of oxygen is lower

Question 26

Plyometrics

Answer 26

Involves repeated rapid stretching and contracting of muscles to increase muscle power