Energy Systems in muscle cells

Question 1

Why does Lactate Metabolism occur?

Answer 1

During vigorous exercise, the muscle cells do
not get sufficient oxygen to support the
electron transport chain.

Question 2

Describe 6 stages of Lactate Metabolism

Answer 2

1. pyruvate is converted to lactate.
2. This conversion involves the transfer of
   hydrogen ions from the NADH produced
   during glycolysis to pyruvate in order to
   produce lactate.
3. This regenerates the NAD needed to maintain ATP production through glycolysis.
4. Lactate accumulates and muscle fatigue
   occurs.
5. The oxygen debt is repaid when
   exercise is complete.
6. This allows respiration to provide the energy to convert lactate back to pyruvate and glucose in the liver.

Question 3

Describe Slow Twitch muscle fibres usage

Answer 3

1. Contracts slowly but sustains contractions for longer.
2. They are useful for endurance
   activities such as long-distance running,
   cycling or cross-country skiing

Question 4

5 Things

Describe the structures of the Slow Twitch Muscle fibres

Answer 4

1. Relys on aerobic respiration
2. Many Mitochondria
3. Large blood supply
4. High concentration of Myoglobin
5. Storage fuel is fats

Question 5

2 Things

Descriibe Fast Twitch Muscle fibres

Answer 5

1. contract relatively
   quickly, over short periods
   2.They are useful
   for activities such as sprinting or weightlifting.

Question 6

4 Things

Descibe the strucures of the fast twitch muscle fibres.

Answer 6

1. Generate ATP through glycolysis
2. Fewer Mitochondria
3. Lower Blood supply
4. Storage fuel is glycogen.

Question 7

Whats the corralation between Athletes and Muscle fibres

Answer 7

Athletes show distinct patterns of
muscle fibres that reflect their sporting
activities.

Question 8

How many types of muscle tissues does a person have

Answer 8

Most human muscle tissue contains a
mixture of both slow- and fast-twitch muscle
fibres.