Energy Systems In Muscle Cells

Question 1

What occurs during vigorous exercise?

Answer 1

Lactate metabolism occurs as the muscle cells do not get sufficient oxygen to support the electron transport chain or citric acid cycle

Question 2

When there is no oxygen present in cells what does pyruvate convert to?

Answer 2

Lactate

Question 3

What is the role of NADH in lactate metabolism?

Answer 3

NADH supplies hydrogen ions produced during glycolysis to convert pyruvate into lactate, this means that NADH becomes NAD again, regenerating NAD which is needed to maintain ATP production through glycolysis.

Question 4

What happens when lactate builds up?

Answer 4

Muscle fatigue occurs

Question 5

What must be repaid in order for lactate fermentation to end?

Answer 5

The oxygen debt

Question 6

Is lactate fermentation a reversible pathway?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What does respiration provide energy for in terms of converting lactate?

Answer 7

Respiration provides energy that converts lactate back into pyruvate and glucose in the liver

Question 8

What is the purpose of skeletal muscle?

Answer 8

To move bones in the body

Question 9

What are the two types of skeletal muscle fibres?

Answer 9

Slow twitch
Fast twitch

Question 10

What are features of slow twitch muscle fibres?

Answer 10

They contract relatively slowly
They rely on aerobic respiration to generate ATP
They have many mitochondria
They have a large blood supply
They have a large concentration of myoglobin

Question 11

What are features of fast twitch muscle fibre?

Answer 11

Fast twitch muscle fibres contract relatively quickly
Fast twitch muscles generate ATP through glycolysis only
Fast twitch muscles have fewer mitochondria than slow twitch
Fast twitch muscles have a poor/lower blood supply
Fast twitch muscles have a low concentration of myoglobin

Question 12

What is the major storage fuel of fast twitch muscle??

Answer 12

Glycogen

Question 13

What is the major storage fuel of slow twitch muscle fibre?

Answer 13

Fats

Question 14

What is myoglobin?

Answer 14

Myoglobin is a protein that is very good at storing oxygen for respiration

Question 15

What is the concentration of myoglobin like in fast twitch muscles?

Answer 15

Low

Question 16

What type of sports are mainly slow twitch?

Answer 16

Cycling, long distance.

Question 17

What type of sports are mainly fast twitch?

Answer 17

Sprinting, weightlifting.

Question 18

What types of muscle make up an individual?

Answer 18

Both slow twitch and fast twitch, however depending on the type of activity a person partakes in, the more dominant one type of muscle may be.

Question 19

What do athletes show depending on their sport?

Answer 19

Athletes show * distinct patterns of muscle fibres that reflect their sporting activities *