Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is Glycolysis?

Answer 1

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

Question 2

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 2

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm

Question 3

What process converts ADP to ATP

Answer 3

Phosphorylation

Question 4

What process converts ATP to ADP

Answer 4

Dephosphorylation

Question 5

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 5

The addition of a phosphate onto a molecule

Question 6

Why is ATP required for glycolysis?

Answer 6

ATP is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis

Question 7

What are the 2 phases in glycolysis?

Answer 7

The energy investment phase
The energy pay off-phase

Question 8

How much ATP is used up in the energy investment phase?

Answer 8

2 ATP

Question 9

How much energy is gained in the energy pay-off stage?

Answer 9

4 ATP, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP in glycolysis

Question 10

What are dehydrogenase enzymes?

Answer 10

Dehydrogenase enzymes are enzymes that collect hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them onto coenzyme NAD to form NADH

Question 11

What are dehydrogenase enzymes used in?

Answer 11

Dehydrogenase enzymes are used in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 12

In aerobic conditions what is pyruvate broken down into?

Answer 12

In aerobic conditions, pyruvate is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A forming acetyl coenzyme A.

Question 13

What occurs in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 13

The acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to from citrate

Question 14

What happens to citrate in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 14

Citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate during a series of enzyme controlled steps, resulting in the generation of ATP and the release of Carbon Dioxide.

Question 15

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 15

The mitrochondrial matrix

Question 16

What is the purpose of NADH in aerobic respiration?

Answer 16

NADH passes on both electrons and hydrogen ions to the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 17

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 17

The electron transport chain is a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 18

What happens to the electrons in the electron transport chain from NADH

Answer 18

Electrons are passed along the electron transport chain, releasing energy.

Question 19

In the electron transport chain, what does the energy release from electrons allow?

Answer 19

The energy released from electrons allow hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane, these hydrogen ions then flow back through the membrane protein named ATP synthase which results in the production of ATP

Question 20

What is the final acceptor of hydrogen in aerobic respiration?

Answer 20

Oxygen

Question 21

What occurs at the end of the electron transport chain?

Answer 21

Hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen to form water

Question 22

What is the role of ATP?

Answer 22

ATP is used to transfer energy to cellular processes which require energy