Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is Glycolysis?
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
Where does glycolysis take place?
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm
What process converts ADP to ATP
Phosphorylation
What process converts ATP to ADP
Dephosphorylation
What is phosphorylation?
The addition of a phosphate onto a molecule
Why is ATP required for glycolysis?
ATP is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis
What are the 2 phases in glycolysis?
The energy investment phase
The energy pay off-phase
How much ATP is used up in the energy investment phase?
2 ATP
How much energy is gained in the energy pay-off stage?
4 ATP, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP in glycolysis
What are dehydrogenase enzymes?
Dehydrogenase enzymes are enzymes that collect hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them onto coenzyme NAD to form NADH
What are dehydrogenase enzymes used in?
Dehydrogenase enzymes are used in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
In aerobic conditions what is pyruvate broken down into?
In aerobic conditions, pyruvate is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A forming acetyl coenzyme A.
What occurs in the citric acid cycle?
The acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to from citrate
What happens to citrate in the citric acid cycle?
Citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate during a series of enzyme controlled steps, resulting in the generation of ATP and the release of Carbon Dioxide.
Where does the citric acid cycle take place?
The mitrochondrial matrix
What is the purpose of NADH in aerobic respiration?
NADH passes on both electrons and hydrogen ions to the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What is the electron transport chain?
The electron transport chain is a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane
What happens to the electrons in the electron transport chain from NADH
Electrons are passed along the electron transport chain, releasing energy.
In the electron transport chain, what does the energy release from electrons allow?
The energy released from electrons allow hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane, these hydrogen ions then flow back through the membrane protein named ATP synthase which results in the production of ATP
What is the final acceptor of hydrogen in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
What occurs at the end of the electron transport chain?
Hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen to form water
What is the role of ATP?
ATP is used to transfer energy to cellular processes which require energy
