Energy Systems + Food fuels Flashcards
What is the difference between chemical and mechanical energy?
Chemical Energy is the energy in the food, whereas, Mechanical Energy is the energy that is converted into mechanical energy to allow muscular contractions.
What are the three food fuels used for energy production?
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
What exercise conditions are fats used in?
At rest or as a last resort, if all other energy stores are depleted.
What are the main roles performed by proteins?
Growth/increase in muscle mass, and repair of tissue.
What is the basic structural unit of proteins?
Amino acids
What are the main roles performed by fats?
Protecting body organs, maintaining body temperature, hormone production, energy stores for the body
What energy compound does our body convert food fuels into?
ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
What types of activities are associated with the use of proteins?
Long duration endurance work and/or strength building exercises
What are the two different mechanisms by which ATP is produced?
Aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobically, working with oxygen and anaerobically, working without oxygen
Describe what energy interplay means
Energy interplay is when all three systems are working together during an activity. One system will be more predominant depending on the duration, intensity and oxygen availability of the activity. All systems will be present.
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate, known as ATP, is a molecule made up of one adenosine molecule and three phosphate molecules, bonded together that creates energy for muscle contractions when broken.
What do all three energy systems do?
All three energy systems provide energy from muscular contractions that comes from ATP.
When does the body prefer carbohydrates?
During maximal intensity exercises
When does the body prefer fats and why?
The body prefers fats at rest as there is sufficient amounts of oxygen to breakdown ATP. Fats have the greatest yield per molecule, therefore it is preferred at rest.
What is the recommended daily intake for the food fuels?
CHO = 55-60% FATS = 25-30% PROTEINS = 10-15%
What is the duration for the ATP-PC system and its peak power?
1-10 seconds with peak at 2-4 seconds
What is the duration for the Anaerobic glycolysis system and its peak power?
10-75 seconds with peak at 5-15 seconds
What is the duration for the Aerobic glycolysis system and its peak power?
> 60 seconds with peak at 1-1.5 minutes
What is the fuel source for the ATP PC system?
Creatine phosphate (PC)
What is the fuel source for the Anaerobic glycolysis system?
Carbohydrates
What is the fuel source for the Aerobic glycolysis system?
Carbohydrates, (fats if necessary then proteins in extreme circumstances)
What are the by products of the ATP-PC system, Aerobic glycolysis and anaerobic glycolysis systems?
ATP-PC - Creatine Phosphate
ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS - Lactic acid = Lactate + Hydrogen ions
AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS - Carbon dioxide and water
How is ATP resynthesized through the ATP-PC system?
The breakdown of PC resynthesizes ATP, this is done by combining the P with the ADP. Need passive recovery. (50% replenishment in 30 seconds and 100% in 3 minutes)
How is ATP resynthesized through the Anaerobic glycolysis system?
Energy for the resynthesis of ATP is provided by the incomplete breakdown of glycogen/glucose when there is insufficient oxygen available
