Energy Systems Flashcards
What are the different forms of energy?
solar (nuclear) mechanical/kinetic chemical heat light electrical
What is basal metabolism?
The minimum amount of cellular activity in the body needed just to keep us alive.
1 kilocalorie =
the heat energy required to heat 1kg of water by 1 degree celcius.
What are the two TYPES of energy?
potential energy - ability to create movement
kinetic energy - actual movement
How many calories per gram do you get from: carbohydrates protein alcohol fats ?
- 4 calories per gram
- 4 calories per gram
- 7 calories per gram
- 9 calories per gram
Catabolism is:
Anabolism is:
Metabolism is:
- the breakdown of nutrients to create energy
- the building up of cell structures and proteins for growth, repair and maintenance
- the total of all the reactions going on in the body.
How does exercise benefit our muscles?
it builds up the efficiency of the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles
it helps muscles to tolerate an increased level of acidity from ATP breakdown
it builds more (and larger) mitochondria
it creates more enzymes for converting glucose or fat to
produce ATP
it improves a person’s ability to burn fat
it makes a person’s muscles better at sparing glucose
What are the ways ATP is produced? (Energy Systems)
- From creatine phosphate which is present in small amounts in muscle cells-Alactate Anaerobic
- From glucose WITHOUT oxygen-Anaerobic Lactate
- From glucose WITH oxygen. - Aerobic Glycolosis
- From fatty acids which need oxygen to be used. - Fatty Acid Oxidation
- Creatine Phosphate
AKA Alactate Anaerobic energy system)
- provides IMMEDIATE energy when the muscle first needs to move
- no oxygen needed
- muscle cells have a very small supply
- only good for UP TO 20 seconds
- the phosphate is given to ADP to produce ATP + creatine
- like lighting a match
- also called the ATP CP system
- about 3oz in the whole body
- Anaerobic glycolosis
AKA Anaerobic lactate
-After about 12-20 seconds the cell needs to use glucose to create ATP (creatine phosphate is used up and there is no oxygen)
- If oxygen has not yet reached the cell -then glycogen stores in the cell will be used
- glucose will be broken down without oxygen
- only 2-3 molecules of ATP can be produced for each molecule of glucose
- lactate,’ water and carbon dioxide are the resulting products
- high intensity-short duration-about 3 minutes
- Aerobic glycolosis -
- when the blood supply produces oxygen fast enough for the working cells
- 36-40 ATP units produced from each molecule of glucose (a process in the mitochondria)
- from 3 minutes and up
- Fatty acid oxidation -
The breakdown of fatty acids in the mitochondria of the cell will yield 100 ATP for every molecule of fat.
This is a very efficient fuel for long duration work. Some glucose needs to be used to keep the process going but not very much. Muscle glycogen is spared.
Explain lactate; its job and how it forms
As anaerobic glycolysis occurs, lactate is produced
and forms in the muscle
Part of its job is to mop up the hydrogen ions which are released when ATP is broken down causing increased acidity in the muscle.
Lactate can be used by the heart, brain and muscles for energy or transported to the liver to be turned into glucose
Each pound of muscle burns how many calories daily when a body is at rest?
6
How many calories does a pound of fat burn, during rest? (Per day)
2 per day at rest
