Cardio-Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the effects of exercise on the vascular system? (Longer term)

Answer 1

• lowers blood pressure
• lowers stress on heart
• blood vessels increase in size elasticity and number
• blood flow through coronary arteries improves
• oxygen exchange in capillaries improves

Question 2

What are the two cardio vascular systems?

Answer 2

• pulmonary circuit

- systemic circuit

Question 3

What do veins do?

What to arteries do?

Answer 3

• Veins carry blood TO the heart

- Arteries carry blood AWAY FROM the heart

Question 4

Explain venous pooling.

Answer 4

The condition where the blood in the large muscles of the legs does not get pushed back to the heart fast enough. It can lead to fainting if the brain does not get enough blood. It can also lead to death if the heart muscle becomes to ischemic. (lacking in blood flow)

Question 5

The two numbers of blood pressure are:

Answer 5

• systolic pressure – the maximum pressure in the circulation as the heart muscle contracts; Goes UP with exercise (top number)
• diastolic pressure – the minimum pressure in the circulation as the heart muscle relaxes; May go down or stay the same with exercise (bottom number)

Question 6

Some factors that may cause development of high blood pressure are:

Answer 6

• age
• heredity
• smoking
• weight gain
• too much salt
• live a stressful life

Question 7

How does exercise affect the heart?

Answer 7

• heart can beat less often; works less hard
• increase stroke flow
• increase strength of heart & efficiency
• heart muscle size increases
• all of above may increase longevity

Question 8

Who has more red blood cells? Men or women?

Answer 8

Men- 5-6 million (vs women at 4-5 million) per cubic millimeter

Question 9

Red blood cells are red because:

Answer 9

of the hemoglobin which contains iron.

Question 10

Red blood cells take about how long for a round trip through the body?

Answer 10

30-45 seconds

Question 11

Red blood cells develop in ______ and last about _____.

Answer 11

7 days, 4 months

Question 12

What are the 4 chambers of the heart and what do they do?

Answer 12

• Right atrium collects blood returning from brain and body
• Left atrium collects blood returning from lungs
• Right ventricle pushes blood to the lungs
• Left ventricle pushes blood to the rest of the body and brain

Question 13

What are the smaller versions of arteries and veins called?

What are the smallest?

Answer 13

Arterioles and venules

Capillaries

Question 14

What is the bodies stable environment called?

Answer 14

Homeostasis.

Question 15

What are the effects of exercise on respiration?

Answer 15

• the muscles of respiration increase in size, strength and endurance
• more alveoli become active
• in the muscle more and bigger mitochondria speed up the process of cellular respiration
• rate of breathing decreases at a given level

Question 16

• How long are the total of capillaries in our body?
• How thick are they?
• What is the total volume that they hold?

Answer 16

• 40,000km
• 1 or 2 cells thick(red blood cells must go through in single file)
• 250ml of blood