Energy Systems

Question 1

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

materials to build cell membranes, energy for use by cells, stores easily accessible energy

Question 2

List the kilocalories/gram for: carbohydrates, proteins, fats.

Answer 2

4.1, 4.3, 9.3

Question 3

Proteins appear in the body as…

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

Fats are stored as…

Answer 4

triglycerides

Question 5

What is ATP?

Answer 5

adenosine triphosphate, the common energy molecule for cellular processes, the captured chemical energy from the breakdown of foods

Question 6

What is the ATP formula?

Answer 6

ATP = ADP + P + Energy

Question 7

What is an anaerobic energy system?

Answer 7

does not use oxygen, occurs relatively quickly, uses chemicals and enzymes at hand, powerful/short-lived actions

Question 8

What is an aerobic energy system?

Answer 8

uses oxygen, takes place in mitochondria, using many enzymes leading to complete breakdown of glucose, fats and proteins enter here

Question 9

List all the details of the ATP-PC (anaerobic alactic) pathway (location, energy source, oxygen?, ATP produced, duration, byproducts, # chemical reactions, activity type, exercise type, advantages, limitations).

Answer 9

in cytoplasm, energy from creatine phosphate, no oxygen required, 1 molecule ATP produced, 0-15 seconds duration, no byproducts, 1-2 chemical reactions, used for power surges, sprints/weight lifting, advantage is a very quick surge of power, limitations is its short duration due to small amounts of ATP and creatine phosphate stored

Question 10

List all the details of the Glycolysis (anaerobic lactic) pathway (location, energy source, oxygen?, ATP produced, duration, byproducts, # chemical reactions, activity type, exercise type, advantages, limitations).

Answer 10

in cytoplasm, energy from glucose, no oxygen required, 2 molecules ATP produced, 15-120 seconds duration, lactic acid byproduct, 11 chemical reactions, intermediate activities, hockey shift, advantage is a quick surge of power, limitations is the lactic acid byproduct causing muscle pain and fatigue

Question 11

List all the details of the Cellular Respiration (aerobic) pathway (location, energy source, oxygen?, ATP produced, duration, byproducts, # chemical reactions, activity type, exercise type, advantages, limitations).

Answer 11

in mitochondria, energy from glucose/fats/proteins, oxygen required, 36 molecules ATP produced, 120+ seconds duration, H2O&CO2 byproduct, glycolysis/kreb’s cycle/more chemical reactions, prolonged activities, marathons, advantage is the complete breakdown of glucose, disadvantage is it is slow and requires a lot of oxygen

Question 12

Describe slow twitch muscle fibres.

Answer 12

red/dark in colour, low levels of glycolytic enzymes, high in myoglobin, for long distance activities

Question 13

Describe fast twitch muscle fibres.

Answer 13

pale in colour, high levels of glycolytic enzymes, low in myoglobin, for short distance activities