Energy Systems Flashcards
What breaks down ATP and what is the result?
ATPase
ATP + ATPase —> ADP + energy
How does the phosphagen system work?
Creatine kinase catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from creatine phosphate and ADP
ADP + CP —> ATP + creatine
Only lasts until creatine stores are depleted (about 0-10 secs in untrained, or 15+ in trained)
Two characteristics of the phosphagen system
- Starts all activity
- Allows you to train at 100% effort
3 activities which highly involve the phosphagen system
- Strength protocols
- Short sprints (100 m)
- Field events (javelin throwing, high jump, etc.)
Fast/anaerobic glycolysis
Glucose/glycogen is broken down in a process resulting in pyruvate, which is then converted to lactate and allows ATP to be resynthesized at a rapid rate
Limited by the subsequent H+ production and resulting decrease in pH
Slow/aerobic glycolysis
The breakdown of glucose/glycogen where the resulting pyruvate is shuttled to mitochondria to undergo the Krebs cycle.
Requires oxygen and occurs during slower, longer exercise intensity
What types of training most involve fast glycolysis?
- Hypertrophy protocols (esp. volume)
- CrossFit
- Group training
- Sprints (200/400 m)
What three things buffer H+ ions?
- Carnosine (beta alanine)
- Bicarbonate
- Pyruvate, which forms lactate
Two pathways lactate can take
- Gluconeogenesis: Lactate —> liver —> glucose
- Lactate —> pyruvate —> mitochondria —> ATP
How much ATP does one glucose molecule make in fast glycolysis?
1 glucose splits into 2 pyruvate and makes 2 total ATP
What is considered the end product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What happens during high intensity exercise with no rest?
Hydrogen ions build up and lower the body’s pH so enzymes cease to function (causes fatigue)
What is lactate threshold and what can improve it?
The exercise intensity where lactate accumulation in the blood outpaces the body’s ability to clear it
Long slow distance can improve it because it causes an increase in mitochondria, which are used to recycle lactate to ATP
