ENERGY SYSTEMS Flashcards
HOW IS ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE RESTORED
1) Creatine phosphate can supply energy very quickly because oxygen is not needed. Present in very small amounts in the muscle cells
2) Anaerobic glycolysis = uses carbohydrates (glucose) stored in muscles as glycogen. Produces quickly because no oxygen is needed.
3) Aerobic glycolysis = uses carbohydrates and fats to replenish ATP. Oxygen is required for the process so energy production takes longer but can last for a much longer duration.
INTENSITY, DURATION AND FITNESS LEVEL
I = how hard you work/ exercise, such as in training or when on the pitch
D = how long you exercise, such as how often and how long - training
FL = how fit the performer is
ENERGY CONTINUUM
- Is interchanging of the energy systems during exercise
- Shows how little or much an exercise needs the body to produce energy
WHAT IS GLYCOLYSIS?
The process by which glucose, a simple sugar, is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
ENERGY IS…
The ability to perform work (joules)
CHEMICAL ENERGY IS…
Energy from food
KINETIC ENERGY IS…
Movement energy (skeletal muscle contractions)
POTENTIAL ENERGY IS…
Stored energy
WORK =
Force x distance (joules)
POWER IS…
Work performed over a unit of time (watts)
SUBSTRATES
= Food fuels
1) CHO (Carbohydrates) - Glucose
2) Fats - Lipids + free fatty acids
3) Proteins - Amino acids
4) PC stores
THE 3 ENERGY SYSTEMS
1) ATP-PC system - ANAEROBIC
2) Lactic acid system (anaerobic glycolysis) - ANAEROBIC
3) Aerobic system - AEROBIC
ATP =
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP LASTS FOR…
2-3 seconds before needing to be replenished
AMOUNT OF ATP IN A MUSCLE CELL…
40-50g in total
ENERGY IS RELEASED WHEN…
the phosphate bond is broken
(exothermic reaction because energy is being released)
ENERGY SYSTEM USED TO REPLENISH ATP DEPENDS ON THE 3 FACTORS…
1) Intensity
2) Duration
3) Fitness levels
ATP-PCr SYSTEM
- an anaerobic energy system
- phosphate creatine (PC) is an energy- rich phosphate compound found in the sarcoplasm of muscles
- used for explosive exercises lasting 8-10 seconds
- generates ATP very quickly but only limited supply (runs out quickly)
- most inefficient energy system
- energy yield is 1mol of ATP per 1mol of PCr
ATP-PC SYSTEM - HOW DOES IT WORK?
- Phosphate creatine (PC) is another compound (substrate) stored in muscles
- Creatine Kinase (enzyme) detects the high level of ADP
- PC is broken down to P+C to release energy for ADP to combine with the extra Phosphate that has been released
WHAT PERCENTAGE OF PC STORES AFTER 3 MINUTES OF REST
98% after 3 mins of rest
ADVANTAGES OF THE ATP-PC SYSTEM
- Rapidly replenishes ATP (higher turnover of ATP)
- PC can be quickly restored
- Approximately 98% after 3 minutes rest
- Readily accessible, making it highly efficient for explosive activities
- Oxygen is not needed
- Does not produce any waste products (lactic acid)
DISADVANTAGES OF THE ATP-PC SYSTEM
- Low ATP yield per PCr (1 for )
- therefore very inefficient
- Only lasts around 10 seconds (8-10)
- Body has to rely on other systems when ran out
LACTIC ACID SYSTEM (ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS)
- Breaks down glucose and glycogen to form ATP
- Generating ATP through this energy system also produces lactic acid
- ‘Lactic acid’ causes skeletal muscles to fatigue
- Therefore, the lactic acid system provides energy for high-intensity activities lasting up to 3 minutes but peaking at 1 minute, for example 400 meters
ADVANTAGES OF LACTIC ACID SYSTEM
- Energy yield has doubled (1 for 2)
- More efficient than PC system
- Oxygen not needed
- Lasts up to 3 minutes but peaks at 1 minute
- Help sustain high intensity activity
