energy systems Flashcards
What are the 3 energy systems called ?
- ATP-PC
- Anaerobic glycolytic
- Aerobic
What does ATP stand for ?
Adenosine triphosphate
How is adenosine triphospahte structures ?
There is one Adenosine molecule and 3 phospahte molecules
What enzyme breaks down ATP molecules ?
ATP-ase
What type of reaction is the break down of ATP ?
exothermic (giving off heat)
How does ATP bonds breaking relate to using energy ?
- To get energy a phosphate and its bond must be broken
- This turns it into ADP
- For the molecule to be useful again it must gain back a bond and phosphate
What does ADP stand for ?
Adenosine diphosphate
What needs to happen with ATP for it to be used again ?
Resynthesis
What type of reaction is it when ATP is being resynthesized ?
endothermic
What triggers the ATP-PC system to start ?
Depleted ATP stores
What do depleted ATP stores trigger ?
The release of creatine kinease
What does creatine kinease cause in the ATP-PC sytem ?
Phosphocreatine to be broken down anaerobically
What does phosphocreatine have a lot of ?
energy
What is the duration of the ATP-PC store ?
5-10 seconds
What are some examples of the ATP-PC store ?
- long-jump
- 25 metre swim
- flurry of punches in boxing
How many molecules of ATP are resyntheseized during the ATP-PC system ?
for each molecule broken down, one ATP is created
What is an example of a ocupled reaction in the ATP-PC system ?
The breakdown of PC to release energy
What is another name for the anaerobic glycolotic system ?
lactate system
What happens when the phosphocreatine system gets depleted after around 10 seconds of exercise ?
The lactate system takes over
What is the process of glycolysis ?
- glycogen is broken down by phosphofructokinase and turned into glucose
- This gives off 2 molecules of ATP
- A waste product of this is pyruvic acid which turns to lactic acid
How many molecules of ATP does the aerobic system produce ?
38 molecules
How long does the anaerobic glycolytic system last for ?
Up to 3 minutes and peaks at 1 minute
How long is the duration of the aerobic system ?
up to 2 hours
What is the first stage of the aerobic system ?
- glycolysis
- two ATP are formed
- glycogen broken into glucose which is then broken into pyruvic acid
- anaerobic procedure
However its different to Anaerobic glycolytic system - no lactic acid is produced
- acetyl coenzyme A carried pyruvic acid to the krebs cycle
What is stage 2 of the aerobic system ?
Krebs cycle
- pyruvic acid diffuses into the matrix of the mitochondria
- Reactions produce 2 ATP molecules and carbon dioxide
- The hydrogen produced is taken to stage 3
What is stage 3 of the aerobic system ?
Electron transport
- hydrogen is carried by hydrogen carries
- hydrogen splits into positive ions and electrons
- they are charged with potential energy
- hydrogen ions are oxidised to form water
- therefore there is enough energy to resynthesize ATP
Where does the elctron transport happen ?
the cristae of the mitochondria
How many molecules of ATP are made in the 3rd stage of the aerobic system ?
34
What is the sarcoplasm ?
The fluid that surrounds the nucleus of a muscle fibre and is where anaerobic respiration takes place
Where is phosphocreatine found ?
The sarcoplasm
What is beta oxidation ?
- fats can only be used for aerobic respiration
- They require a lot of oxygen to break it down
- Only used at moderate intensities
- uses free fatty acids (FFA’s) to produce acetyle-coA (used in the krebs cycle)
- used in marathons
What muscle fibres relate to which energy system ?
Slow oxidative = aerobic
Fast oxidative glycolytic = anaerobic
Fast glycolytic = ATP-PC