Energy System Flashcards
Name the energy systems & state how long’ they last for when exercising. (6)
- ATP ~ 0 to 10 seconds
- Lactic Acid ~ 10 seconds to 2 minutes
- Aerobic ~ 2/3 minutes
What food types produce energy? (3)
- Carbohydrate
- Fats
- Protein
What is glycogen? (2)
A form of glucose, that your body stores in the liver and muscles.
Approximately how long does it take for glycogen stores to be completely replaced? (2)
24-48 hours
Explain how ATP is broken down (3)
- Made up of adenosine and 3 simple phosphate elements held together by high energy bonds.
- When a molecule of ATP is combined with water, the last phosphate splits away and releases energy.
- The molecule of adenosine triphosphate now becomes adenosine diphosphate or ADP.
What factors influence the duration an athlete can perform at moderate to high intensity?
Influenced:
- By the amount of glycogen stored in the body and the diet.
- As well as the rest periods between training, which allow glycogen stores to be refilled.
Why is ATP resynthesis important during sustained physical activity? (2)
ATP resynthesis is vital because it refills the ATP used by muscles during exercise, allowing for continued muscle contraction and endurance.
What type of events primarily utilises the Aerobic system, and how does it differ from the other systems? (2)
- The Aerobic system is used for endurance or ultra-endurance events.
- It differs from anaerobic systems as it requires oxygen to produce ATP.
Describe the Lactic Acid system and its limitations. What kind of activities does it support?
The Lactic Acid system supplies energy for activities lasting from 10 seconds to approximately 2 minutes. It operates anaerobically and produces lactic acid, which can lead to fatigue. It supports activities like 800m runs and team sports with bursts of activity.
What is the significance of glycogen in energy production during exercise?
Glycogen is stored in muscles and the liver and is crucial for energy production during moderate to high-intensity exercise. It is converted to glucose for energy when needed.
What are the three basic forms of energy supplied by food for ATP resynthesis?
The three basic forms of energy supplied by food for ATP resynthesis are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
How does the ATP/PC system function, and when is it primarily used?
The ATP/PC system uses stored ATP and creatine phosphate to provide energy for short and intense activities lasting up to 10 seconds. It operates anaerobically without the need for oxygen.
What does ATP stand for, and what role does it play in muscle function?
ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate. It is the energy currency of the cell, providing energy for muscular contractions through its breakdown into ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate).
What waste product is produced when muscles work anaerobically due to insufficient oxygen?
When muscles work anaerobically and lack sufficient oxygen, the waste product produced is lactic acid, which can cause muscle fatigue and cramping.
What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?
The primary function of mitochondria is to produce energy using glucose and oxygen. They create power in the form of ATP through the process of cellular respiration.
