Drugs Flashcards
What are drugs? (1)
Chemical substance changing body’s biochemical system.
When can substances/drugs be illegal?
- If listed on the IOC’s banned substances list.
- Doping involves administering banned
pharmaceutical agents or using prohibited methods.
What are some advantages of drugs?
- Success (SARAH)
- Wealth (WANTS)
- Fame (FACECREAM)
What are some disadvantages of drugs?
- Bad health (BUYING HE )
- Illegal (INSANE)
- Poor reputation (PURPLE RUGS)
What does the IOC stand for?
International Olympic Committee
(IN OUR COMMUNITY)
What is EPO and what are some of the causes?
- Stimulates bone marrow to make more red blood cells.
- Plans to boost performance by up to 15%.
- At night, new red blood cells thicken, causing blood to clog capillaries.
- Heart workload increases, risking stroke or heart attack.
What categories can IOC drugs be classified as?
- Stimulants (SINCE)
- Narcotic analgesics (NICK)
- Anabolic agents (AND)
- Beta blockers (BAILEY)
- Diuretics (DANCE)
- Peptide hormones and analogues (PEACEFULLY)
What is a stimulant and give some examples?
- Substances raise heart rate.
- Stimulate nervous system.
- E.G:
~ Caffeine
~ Amphetamines
What are the bad things about stimulants?
- Increased confidence may result in poor judgment
- Dangerous for sports due to loss of judgment
- Overdose can cause death
What are the good things about stimulants?
- Improve reactions, boost alertness
- Can increase competitiveness, hostility
- Enhance confidence in abilities
- Maintain high levels of work without pain, fatigue
- Increased confidence
What are the side effects of stimulants?
- High blood pressure (BEN PROMISED)
- Headaches strokes (HAIDEN SWEETS)
- Irregular heartbeats (IF HE)
- Anxiety (APPLIED)
- Tremors (TO)
- Overheating of body ( OAKLAND’S)
- Insensitivity to serious injury (INIATIVES)
- Mental depression (MUTUALLY)
- Addiction (ACCEPTANCE)
What are some sports that use stimulants?
- Cycling (CYRIL)
- Athletics (AWAY)
What is anabolic steriods and what is an example?
- Created for treating muscle and tissue damage.
- Main type: Androgenic anabolic steroids
- E.G:
~ Nandrolone
~ Stanozolol
What risks can steriods cause?
- Liver disorder (LINKED)
- Heart disease (HER)
- High blood pressure (BELOW)
- Infertility (IMKE)
- Acne (AGAIN)
What are some sports that use steriods?
- Bodybuilding (BOYS)
- Weightlifting (WON)
What is diuretics?
- Reduce excess body fluids.
- Manage high blood pressure.
- Increase urination.
Why does athletes use diuretics?
- Rapid weight reduction for weight-category sports.
- Weakens urine to reduce concentration of illegal substances.
What are some side effects of diuretics?
- Faint (FRIENDS)
- Rashes (RUSHES)
- Dizzy (DIRECTLY)
- Muscle cramps (MAIN)
- Headaches (HOUSE)
- Nausea (NOT)
- Dehydration (DISADVANTAGE)
What are some sports that use diuretics?
- Boxing (BENJI)
- Wrestling (WEIGHTS)
What is peptide hormones and analogues?
- Growth hormones control pain and boost red blood cells.
- Feeds on growth-promoting messages throughout the body.
What are the side effects of peptide hormones and analogues?
- Muscle wastage (MEN)
- Enlarged internal organs (ENSURES)
- Unusual growth patterns (UNTIL)
- Stroke (SILENCE)
What is an example of peptide hormones and analogues?
EPO
What are some sports that use peptide hormones and analogues?
- Swimming (SARAH)
- Rugby (RUN)
What is beta blockers?
- Reduce heart and breathing rates.
- Used in sports to calm nerves and steady performance
What are some sports that use beta blockers?
- Shooting (SHOUTING)
- Golf (GRACEFULLY)
What are the side effects of beta blockers?
- Depression (DOWN)
- Drowsiness (DRAIN)
What is blood dopping?
- Red blood cells transport oxygen needed for muscle activity during training or competition.
- Increased red blood cells enhance oxygen transport capacity.
What are the side effects of blood doping?
- Kidney damage (KINDNESS)
- Jaundice (JUST)
- Viruses (VISITS)
- Metabolic shock (MALE)
- AIDS (AGAIN)
What is the drug testing process?
Athletes are responsible for knowing what is banned, but the list is constantly being updated.
What is WADA?
- World Anti-Doping Agency
- Independent international agency.
- Develops anti-doping policies and procedures.
- Monitors World Anti-Doping code.
- Manages accreditation of laboratories.
- Defines guidelines for lab collection and analysis.
What is the athlete selection?
- WADA can test athletes anytime, anywhere.
- Notification of testing is done personally by a DCO.
- Athlete must sign a document acknowledging notification.
- Athlete must stay in direct sight of DCO until testing ends.
- Athletes and DCO complete forms before sample collection.
- Forms identify the athlete.
- Specify date and details of sample collection.
How is blood testing done?
- A BCO (Blood Collection Officer) accompanies the DCO to collect blood samples.
- BCOs must be qualified and wear professional medical attire during collection.
- Athletes choose from several sealed kits and inspect them for tampering or defects.
- DCO instructs BCO to collect blood samples into bottles A and B.
- Both bottles are secured and checked by the DCO and athlete to ensure they cannot be manually opened.
- Sealed bottles are placed in clear transport bags for laboratory shipment.
- A “blood profile” of an athlete is developed over time to assist in future doping tests.
How is urine samples done?
- Athletes choose their kits before sample collection.
- For urine tests, only a DCO or chaperone is needed.
- DCO/chaperone must be the same sex as the athlete.
- DCO/chaperone escorts athlete to a private area.
- Athlete must expose mid-torso and lower pants to mid-thigh.
- Sometimes, athletes must be completely nude.
- Athlete’s genital area and urine stream must be visible to DCO/chaperone.
- Urine sample of at least 90ml is required.
- Athlete secures the urine sample bottle with a lid.
- DCO/chaperone secures the bottle for transport.
- Athlete can dress after the procedure.
How is sample testing done?
- Athlete submits blood/urine sample.
- Sample sent to WADA-approved lab.
- Lab tests sample and sends results to the requesting athletic association.
- If sample A is positive, athlete notified before testing sample B.
- Athlete/representative can attend unsealing/testing of sample B.
- If sample B is also positive, sporting organizations decide penalties or bans.
What is sanctions?
- WADA does not sanction athletes for positive drug tests; other agencies do.
- Agencies like USADA and IOC impose sanctions for positive tests.
- Sanctions vary: can include public warnings or multi-year suspensions.
- Common sanction: “loss of results” – cancelling achievements, standings.
- Athletes may have to surrender medals or prizes if found guilty.
- Serious violations can lead to lifetime bans from competitions.
