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Sport Science > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What are drugs? (1)

A

Chemical substance changing body’s biochemical system.

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2
Q

When can substances/drugs be illegal?

A
  • If listed on the IOC’s banned substances list.
  • Doping involves administering banned
    pharmaceutical agents or using prohibited methods.
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3
Q

What are some advantages of drugs?

A
  • Success (SARAH)
  • Wealth (WANTS)
  • Fame (FACECREAM)
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4
Q

What are some disadvantages of drugs?

A
  • Bad health (BUYING HE )
  • Illegal (INSANE)
  • Poor reputation (PURPLE RUGS)
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5
Q

What does the IOC stand for?

A

International Olympic Committee
(IN OUR COMMUNITY)

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6
Q

What is EPO and what are some of the causes?

A
  • Stimulates bone marrow to make more red blood cells.
  • Plans to boost performance by up to 15%.
  • At night, new red blood cells thicken, causing blood to clog capillaries.
  • Heart workload increases, risking stroke or heart attack.
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7
Q

What categories can IOC drugs be classified as?

A
  • Stimulants (SINCE)
  • Narcotic analgesics (NICK)
  • Anabolic agents (AND)
  • Beta blockers (BAILEY)
  • Diuretics (DANCE)
  • Peptide hormones and analogues (PEACEFULLY)
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8
Q

What is a stimulant and give some examples?

A
  • Substances raise heart rate.
  • Stimulate nervous system.
  • E.G:
    ~ Caffeine
    ~ Amphetamines
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9
Q

What are the bad things about stimulants?

A
  • Increased confidence may result in poor judgment
  • Dangerous for sports due to loss of judgment
  • Overdose can cause death
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10
Q

What are the good things about stimulants?

A
  • Improve reactions, boost alertness
  • Can increase competitiveness, hostility
  • Enhance confidence in abilities
  • Maintain high levels of work without pain, fatigue
  • Increased confidence
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11
Q

What are the side effects of stimulants?

A
  • High blood pressure (BEN PROMISED)
  • Headaches strokes (HAIDEN SWEETS)
  • Irregular heartbeats (IF HE)
  • Anxiety (APPLIED)
  • Tremors (TO)
  • Overheating of body ( OAKLAND’S)
  • Insensitivity to serious injury (INIATIVES)
  • Mental depression (MUTUALLY)
  • Addiction (ACCEPTANCE)
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12
Q

What are some sports that use stimulants?

A
  • Cycling (CYRIL)
  • Athletics (AWAY)
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13
Q

What is anabolic steriods and what is an example?

A
  • Created for treating muscle and tissue damage.
  • Main type: Androgenic anabolic steroids
  • E.G:
    ~ Nandrolone
    ~ Stanozolol
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14
Q

What risks can steriods cause?

A
  • Liver disorder (LINKED)
  • Heart disease (HER)
  • High blood pressure (BELOW)
  • Infertility (IMKE)
  • Acne (AGAIN)
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15
Q

What are some sports that use steriods?

A
  • Bodybuilding (BOYS)
  • Weightlifting (WON)
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16
Q

What is diuretics?

A
  • Reduce excess body fluids.
  • Manage high blood pressure.
  • Increase urination.
17
Q

Why does athletes use diuretics?

A
  • Rapid weight reduction for weight-category sports.
  • Weakens urine to reduce concentration of illegal substances.
18
Q

What are some side effects of diuretics?

A
  • Faint (FRIENDS)
  • Rashes (RUSHES)
  • Dizzy (DIRECTLY)
  • Muscle cramps (MAIN)
  • Headaches (HOUSE)
  • Nausea (NOT)
  • Dehydration (DISADVANTAGE)
19
Q

What are some sports that use diuretics?

A
  • Boxing (BENJI)
  • Wrestling (WEIGHTS)
20
Q

What is peptide hormones and analogues?

A
  • Growth hormones control pain and boost red blood cells.
  • Feeds on growth-promoting messages throughout the body.
21
Q

What are the side effects of peptide hormones and analogues?

A
  • Muscle wastage (MEN)
  • Enlarged internal organs (ENSURES)
  • Unusual growth patterns (UNTIL)
  • Stroke (SILENCE)
22
Q

What is an example of peptide hormones and analogues?

A

EPO

23
Q

What are some sports that use peptide hormones and analogues?

A
  • Swimming (SARAH)
  • Rugby (RUN)
24
Q

What is beta blockers?

A
  • Reduce heart and breathing rates.
  • Used in sports to calm nerves and steady performance
25
Q

What are some sports that use beta blockers?

A
  • Shooting (SHOUTING)
  • Golf (GRACEFULLY)
26
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A
  • Depression (DOWN)
  • Drowsiness (DRAIN)
27
Q

What is blood dopping?

A
  • Red blood cells transport oxygen needed for muscle activity during training or competition.
  • Increased red blood cells enhance oxygen transport capacity.
28
Q

What are the side effects of blood doping?

A
  • Kidney damage (KINDNESS)
  • Jaundice (JUST)
  • Viruses (VISITS)
  • Metabolic shock (MALE)
  • AIDS (AGAIN)
29
Q

What is the drug testing process?

A

Athletes are responsible for knowing what is banned, but the list is constantly being updated.

30
Q

What is WADA?

A
  • World Anti-Doping Agency
  • Independent international agency.
  • Develops anti-doping policies and procedures.
  • Monitors World Anti-Doping code.
  • Manages accreditation of laboratories.
  • Defines guidelines for lab collection and analysis.
31
Q

What is the athlete selection?

A
  • WADA can test athletes anytime, anywhere.
  • Notification of testing is done personally by a DCO.
  • Athlete must sign a document acknowledging notification.
  • Athlete must stay in direct sight of DCO until testing ends.
  • Athletes and DCO complete forms before sample collection.
  • Forms identify the athlete.
  • Specify date and details of sample collection.
32
Q

How is blood testing done?

A
  • A BCO (Blood Collection Officer) accompanies the DCO to collect blood samples.
  • BCOs must be qualified and wear professional medical attire during collection.
  • Athletes choose from several sealed kits and inspect them for tampering or defects.
  • DCO instructs BCO to collect blood samples into bottles A and B.
  • Both bottles are secured and checked by the DCO and athlete to ensure they cannot be manually opened.
  • Sealed bottles are placed in clear transport bags for laboratory shipment.
  • A “blood profile” of an athlete is developed over time to assist in future doping tests.
33
Q

How is urine samples done?

A
  • Athletes choose their kits before sample collection.
  • For urine tests, only a DCO or chaperone is needed.
  • DCO/chaperone must be the same sex as the athlete.
  • DCO/chaperone escorts athlete to a private area.
  • Athlete must expose mid-torso and lower pants to mid-thigh.
  • Sometimes, athletes must be completely nude.
  • Athlete’s genital area and urine stream must be visible to DCO/chaperone.
  • Urine sample of at least 90ml is required.
  • Athlete secures the urine sample bottle with a lid.
  • DCO/chaperone secures the bottle for transport.
  • Athlete can dress after the procedure.
34
Q

How is sample testing done?

A
  • Athlete submits blood/urine sample.
  • Sample sent to WADA-approved lab.
  • Lab tests sample and sends results to the requesting athletic association.
  • If sample A is positive, athlete notified before testing sample B.
  • Athlete/representative can attend unsealing/testing of sample B.
  • If sample B is also positive, sporting organizations decide penalties or bans.
35
Q

What is sanctions?

A
  • WADA does not sanction athletes for positive drug tests; other agencies do.
  • Agencies like USADA and IOC impose sanctions for positive tests.
  • Sanctions vary: can include public warnings or multi-year suspensions.
  • Common sanction: “loss of results” – cancelling achievements, standings.
  • Athletes may have to surrender medals or prizes if found guilty.
  • Serious violations can lead to lifetime bans from competitions.

Sport Science (3 decks)

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