Energy stores and transfers Flashcards
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work.
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is stored in moving objects with mass.
What factors affect kinetic energy?
- Mass of an object (requires more energy to reach resting velocity.)
- Speed of an object.
How can you calculate kinetic energy?
½mass x velcoity²
What is gravitational potential energy?
- Gravitational potential energy is stored in raised objects with mass in a gravitational field.
How can you calculate gravitational potential energy?
massx gravitational field strengthx height
What is elastic potential energy?
Elastic potential energy is stored in stretched or compressed objects.
How do you calculate elastic potential energy?
½×force×extension²
What is chemical energy?
Chemical energy is stored between chemical bonds that can release energy by a chemical reaction.
What contains chemical energy?
Fuels, Food, Batteries
What is thermal energy?
Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles, depending on it’s mass.
The vibrations are faster in hotter objects — more thermal energy.
What is internal energy?
Internal energy is the total energy stored in a system from the particles
It is the kinetic energy of the particles along with the potential energy between the bonds combined.
What is nuclear energy?
Nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom.
What is electrostatic energy?
Electrostatic energy is stored when a charge interracts with another charge by attracting or repelling it.
What is magnetic energy?
Magnetic energy is stored when a magnet interracts with a magnetic material by repelling or attracting it.
What does The Law of the Conservation of energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only stored and transferred.
Total energy before transfer = total energy after transfer
What is mechanical work?
Mechanical work is when a force moves an object through a distance.
What is electric work?
Electric work is when charges flow due to a potential difference.
What is a potential difference?
Potential difference is a charge difference that allows energy to be transferred between two points in a circuit to make a charge flow.
What is heating?
Heating is when energy is transferred from hotter to colder regions (electrically, chemical reaction)
What is radiation?
Radiation is when energy is tranferred as a wave. eg. light/ sound/ infrared.
What is potential energy?
Potential energy is mechanically stored or due to position.
Stretching out a bow, has a POTENTIAL to be transferred as kinetic once released
What is a system?
A system is an object or group of objects.
What is vibrational energy?
Vibrational energy is stored in objects that move back and forth.
What properties affect the strength of gravitational attraction?
- Mass
- Gravitational field strength
- Distance between 2 objects
