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PHYSICS > Energy Resources and Energy Transfer > Flashcards

Energy Resources and Energy Transfer Flashcards

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1
Q

Name all the types of energy

A 
Electrical
light
sound
kinetic
nuclear
thermal/heat
gravitational potential
elastic potential
chemical
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2
Q

What two types of energy are forms of stored energy?

A

Potential and Chemical

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3
Q

What is the principle of the conservation of energy?

A

Energy can never be created or destroyed.

It’s only ever transferred from one to another.

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4
Q

Effiency=

A

Useful Energy output/Total energy input

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5
Q

Are any devices 100% efficient?

A

NO

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6
Q

What is the energy transfer in a microphone-amplifier-speaker?

A

Sound-Electrical-Sound

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7
Q

What is the energy transfer in a TV?

A

Electrical-Light and Sound

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8
Q

What is the energy transfer in Toy car batteries?

A

Chemical-Electrical-Kinetic, heat, sound, light

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9
Q

What is the energy transfer in a battery charger?

A

Electrical-Chemical

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10
Q

What is the energy transfer in a bow and arrow?

A

Elastic potential-Kinetic

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11
Q

How would you show how much energy is being wasted from input energy>

A

In a SANKEY diagram

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12
Q

How is heat transferred?

A

By conduction, convection or radiation

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13
Q

Heat radiation is basically

A

infared radiation

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14
Q

Where does conduction happen?

A

in solids

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15
Q

What is conduction?

A

The process where vibrating part ices pass on their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles

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16
Q

Where does convection occur?

A

In liquids and gasses

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17
Q

When does convection occur?

A

when the more energetic particles move from the hotter region to the cooler region - and take their energy with them

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18
Q

Name the process of convection from a radiator in a room

A

Heated, less dense air rises
Warm air displaces cool air
Cool denser air falls
Cool air flows to fill the gap

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19
Q

How can you reduce heat transfer in your house?

A

By insulating it

20
Q

Name house insulation methods

A 
Loft insulation
Hot Water Tank Jacket
Double Glazing
Thick Curtains
Cavity Wall Insulation
Draught-proofing
21
Q

Work Done =

A

Force x Distance moves

22
Q

When a force moves an object…

A

energy is transferred and work is done

23
Q

Power =

A

Work done / Time taken

24
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts or J/s

25
Q

1 watt =

A

1 joule of energy transferred per second

26
Q

Kinetic energy =

A

1/2 x mass x speed2

27
Q

Gravitation Potential energy (GPE) =

A

mass x gravity x height (mgh)

28
Q

Kinetic energy gained =

A

Gravitational potential energy lost

29
Q

What are the non-renewable energy resources?

A 
Fossil fuels (Coal, Oil and Natural Gas)
Nuclear gas and Nuclear fuels
30
Q

What are the energy transfers in a typical power station?

A

Chemical-Heat-Kinetic-Electrical

31
Q

How do wind turbines work?

A

They convert the kinetic energy of moving air into electrical energy.

32
Q

What is geothermal energy?

A

heat from underground

33
Q

How can you capture the sun’s energy?

A

Using Solar Cells

34
Q

what are three advantages of burning fossil fuels?

A
  1. releases a lot of energy, relatively cheaply
  2. doesn’t rely on the weather like most renewable energy sources so is a reliable energy source
  3. there are lots of fossil fuel power stations already built so we don’t need to spend money on new technology to use them
35
Q

what are three disadvantages of burning fossil fuels for energy?

A
  1. they release CO2, which contributes to global warming and climate change, into the atmosphere
  2. burning coal and oil also releases sulfur dioxide which causes acid rain
  3. they’re eventually going to run out - non-renewable
36
Q

what are four disadvantages to using nuclear energy?

A
  1. nuclear reactors are expensive to build and maintain, and take longer to start up than fossil fuel ones
  2. processing the uranium before use causes pollution - and there’s always a risk of leaks of radioactive material.
  3. radioactive waste
  4. when they’re too old and inefficient, nuclear power stations have to be decommissioned - very expensive
37
Q

what are two advantages to the use of nuclear power?

A
  1. doesn’t produce any of the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming
  2. plenty of uranium in the ground
38
Q

what are two advantages to the use of wind turbines for energy?

A
  1. cheap to run- tough and reliable, and wind is free

2. no polluting waste, and is renewable

39
Q

what are five disadvantages to the use of wind turbines for power?

A
  1. noise pollution
  2. spoil the view
  3. you need a lot of wind turbines (1500) to make the same energy as one coal-fired power station
  4. sometimes the wind isn’t strong enough to generate power - impossible to increase supply when there’s high demand
  5. expensive to set up and maintain, especially at sea
40
Q

what are some advantages of using geothermal energy?

A

free, renewable energy with no real environmental problems

41
Q

what are some disadvantages of geothermal energy?

A

costs a lot to drill several km into the ground. Cost of building a power plant is often high compared to the amount of energy we get out of it. There are very few places where geothermal energy seems like an economic option

42
Q

what are four advantages of the use of solar cells to acquire energy?

A
  1. renewable resource
  2. after initial cost, energy is free and running costs are very low
  3. no pollution
  4. the cells can be linked to rechargeable batteries to create a system that can store energy during the day for use at night
43
Q

what are four disadvantages to using solar cells?

A
  1. not practical/too expensive to connect them to the national grid
  2. can only generate enough electricity to be useful if they have enough sunlight - causes problems at night/in winter
  3. large initial cost of setting them up
  4. they use quite a lot of energy to manufacture in the first place
44
Q

what are three advantages of using wave power to generate electricity?

A
  1. no pollution, renewable
  2. no fuel costs, minimal running costs
  3. useful on small islands
45
Q

what are what are four disadvantages to the use of wave power to generate electricity?

A
  1. spoils the view
  2. hazard to boats
  3. unreliable- waves die out when the wind drops
  4. high initial costs
  5. unlikely to provide energy on a large scale

PHYSICS (8 decks)

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