Energy requirements for physical activity Flashcards
What is the circulatory system?
Organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment
What is the respiratory system?
The organs that are involved in breathing. These include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
What is the nervous system?
The nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body, and is made up of nerves and cells (Spinal cord, brain).
The skeletal system?
Gives your body its structure and provides attachment points for muscles.
What is the muscular system?
Enables movement through contraction of muscles that pull on the bones in the skeleton to produce movement.
What are proteins?
Proteins re the building blocks of amino acids.
Define kilojoules?
The energy content of different nutrients is measured in kilojoules (kJ).
What is chemical energy?
A type of energy stored in bonds of chemical compounds (e.g atoms/molecules) of certain substances Such as food. Chemical energy is released through chemical reactions and transformed into other types of energy (Mechanical energy).
What is mechanical energy?
A type of energy that on object has when it is moving.
How is glucose made in the body?
When food containing carbohydrates are digested, a chemical reaction takes place are they are broken down into glucose.
How is glycogen made in the body?
During physical activity, glucose can be carried through the blood to the muscles, providing the energy they need. If there is an excess supply of glucose in the body, it can be converted to glycogen and stored for later (mainly in the muscles).
What are essential amino acids?
Those that can’t be made by the body.
What are non essential amino acids?
Those that can be made by the body.
What is fat made up of?
Fats are made up of the same elements as carbohydrates - carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - but in different proportions.
How are fatty acids produced?
When food containing fat is digested, a chemical reaction takes place and they are broken down into fatty acids that can enter the bloodstream and be transported around the body for use by cells.
